| Main Ref. | Zanata, A.M. and A. Akama, 2004 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | clearly convex |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | cycloid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Distinguished from all other characid fishes by the following combination of characters: infraorbitals fused uniquely, resulting in less than six autogenous bones; presence of a single tooth row in the premaxilla; presence of cheirodontin-like teeth, somewhat pedunculated, expanded and compressed distally, with cusps similar in shape and perfectly aligned along dorsal margin; ventral margin of toothed portion of maxillary curved towards the ventral margin of the premaxilla and maxillary teeth forming a continuous series with premaxillary teeth; margins of pre- and postzygapophyses with projections anteriorly and posteriorly directed; accumulation of epithelial cells forming globular structures distributed over head and scales; and base of anal-fin without scales covering basal portion of unbranched and anterior branched rays (Ref. 54751). Description: Dorsal-fin rays ii,8,i or ii,9. Anal-fin rays iv,14, iv,15, iv,16 or iv,17. Pectoral-fin rays i,10 or i,11. Pectoral-fin rays i,7 (Ref. 54751). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 36 - 38 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 5 - 5 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 3 - 4 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | 14 - 14 |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | 18 - 18 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 36 - 36 |
| Attributes | no striking attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin | present |
| Attributes | forked |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |