| Main Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., W. Schwarzhans and D.M. Cohen, 2012 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | |
| Cross section | oval |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: sooty black nasal chambers; few anal fin rays (37 vs. 49-54), few vertebrae (45 vs. 54-58), a wider head (12.0 % SL vs. 7.7-9.8 % SL); a pair of sub-dermal spines fused to form a broad ridge on frontal just behind eyes, a small, median, sub-dermal, ethmoidal spine just in front of eyes and an antero-ventrally directed spine at lower angle of preopercle (all spines covered by skin); anterior gill arch with 3 developed rakers, only slightly larger than the spiny knobs, gill filaments 7-8 times length of developed rakers; slightly prolonged pectoral peduncle; palatines with several tooth rows; vertebrae, precaudal 16 and total 45; fin rays, D 74, A 37, caudal 10 and pectoral 18 (Ref. 93007). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 16 - 16 |
| total | 45 - 45 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 74 - 74 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 37 - 37 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 18 - 18 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |