Hasemania uberaba can be distinguished from congeners by the possession of the following characsters: a black, vertically-elongate humeral spot (vs. spot absent except for H. crenuchoides, H. kalunga, H. nambiquara, and H. piatan); a single ossification in the position primitively occupied by infraorbitals four and five (vs. infraorbitals four and five separate, except in H. kalunga and H. piatan); 4 inner row premaxillary teeth (vs. 5 except in H. nana, H. melanura, and H. piatan); and scales covering the anal-fin base (vs. scales absent except in H. crenuchoides, H. hanseni, H. maxillaris, H. melanura, H. nambiquara and H. nana). It differs also from H. kalunga and H. piatan by having 14-18 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 10-12); from H. hanseni, H. maxillaris, and H. nambiquara by having 10-15 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 16-19); from H. hanseni, H. melanura, and H. nana by having 6-10 scales covering the anal-fin base (vs. 2-5); and from H. maxillaris and H. nambiquara by having 7-8 branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 9). In addition, H. uberaba can be further diagnosed from H. melanura by having maxillary teeth (vs. absent); from H. maxillaris by having, 6-7 branched pelvicfin rays (vs. 5); from H. nambiquara by lacking a broad black band in the midlateral line from the humeral region to the caudal-fin (vs. presence of such band). Most specimens of H. uberaba possess 18 principal caudal-fin rays (vs. 19 in most other species except H. piatan) (Ref. 104709).

Description: Dorsal-fin rays ii,7 or ii,8; anal-fin rays iii-iv,10-15; pectoral-fin rays i, 10-12; pelvic-fin rays i,6-7; horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4or 5 (Ref. 104709)..