Rasboroides rohani can be diagnosed from other congeners, R. vaterifloris and R. nigromarginatus, by having the dorsal-fin origin 3 (vs. 1) scale-widths behind pelvic-fin origin; and body depth 35.6-40.0 % SL in males, 33.3-36.8 % SL in females (vs. 31.1-32.8 in males and 31.0-31.7 in female R. vaterifloris, 28.2-33.0 in male and 26.9-29.1 in female R. nigromarginatus). It can be distinguished from R. pallidus by its greater size (up to 35.5 mm SL, vs. 24.6) and having 1/2 8 1/2 (vs. 1/2 6 1/2 or 1/2 7 1/2) scales on body in transverse line, 25-28 (vs. 20-24) scales in lateral series, 1 (vs. 2) lateral process on the kinethmoid and the pharyngeal-teeth formula of 5,4,2-2,4,5 (vs. 5,4,3-3,4,5). In addition, females of R. rohani can be separated from females of R. pallidus by having a lesser eye diameter (29-34 % HL, vs. 39-40) and a lesser interorbital width (25-28 % HL, vs. 33- 36) (Ref. 94541).