| Main Ref. | Costa-Silva, G.J., G.S.C. Silva and C. Oliveira, 2022 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | elongated |
| Cross section | oval |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: nuptial males with hypertrophied odontodes covering the lateral and dorsal region of the head and body, mainly in the lateral of the first half of the caudal peduncle; wide post-pectoral naked area; abdomen completely covered by plates; naked area on the tip of the snout not reaching the first pore of the laterosensory system (naked area on the tip of the snout not reaching the first pore of the laterosensory system); four lateral plate series in longitudinal rows below the dorsal fin; and absence of mid-dorsal series (or mid-dorsal series with 1-2 plates, sometimes asymmetric) (Ref. 138471). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 7 - 7 |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 4 - 4 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 6 - 6 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 5 - 5 |