| Main Ref. | Chao, N.L., A. Carvalho-Filho and J. de Andrade Santos, 2021 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
This species is distinguished from all its congeners in the Atlantic by the following characters: jetblack mouth roof and inner opercular lining, except S. rastrifer, which also has a dark grayish lining, but never jetblack; differs from S. rastrifer by the slightly oblique, subterminal mouth (vs. oblique in S. rastrifer), total gill-rakers on the first arch usually 36-38 (vs. 44-50), a shorter pelvic fin 4.8-5.3 times in SL (vs. 4.0-4.8 times), and the hind margin of the anterior chamber of the gas bladder has a pair of small knob-like, hammerhead-shaped diverticula (vs. a pair of tubular appendages) (Ref. 125562). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | 54 - 56 |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 24 - 26 |
| on upper limb | 11 - 15 |
| total | 35 - 41 |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 12 - 13 |
| Soft-rays total | 22 - 25 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 2 - 2 |
| Soft-rays total | 8 - 9 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 17 - 19 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |