| Main Ref. | Maeda, K., T. Yoshino and K. Tachihara, 2011 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | sub-terminal/inferior |
| Type of scales | cycloid and ctenoid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Distinguished by the having the following characters: usually VI-I, 9 dorsal fins, larger male with pointed first dorsal fin with elongate spines 4 and 5, posterior tip of the fin usually extending to base of soft-rays 2-5 of second dorsal fin; 14-16 (mode 15) pectoral-fin rays; 32-56 premaxillary teeth, 29-61 horizontal dentary teeth; males with nine blackish obscure transverse bars laterally on tail and clear black spots distributed over almost entire rays of pectoral fin, number of spots on the longest ray 5-10; females with two black, straight and simple longitudinal bands laterally on body, often with 1-4 black spots on second dorsal-fin rays, 2-5 black transverse bars on central part of caudal fin, and 1-7 black spots on pectoral-fin rays (Ref. 90214). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total | 18 - 18 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 7 - 7 |
| Soft-rays total | 8 - 10 |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | more or less truncate |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | 1 - 1 |
| Soft-rays total | 9 - 10 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 14 - 16 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes joint, cup-like |
| Position | |
| Spines 1 | |
| Soft-rays 5 - 5 |