| Main Ref. | Iwamoto, T. and A. Williams, 1999 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | no special organs |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | long whip-like tail |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | elongated |
| Cross section | compressed |
| Dorsal head profile | more or less straight |
| Type of eyes | more or less normal |
| Type of mouth/snout | other (see diagnosis) |
| Position of mouth | sub-terminal/inferior |
| Type of scales | ctenoid scales |
| Diagnosis |
Grooved lateral line present; body scales relatively small, lateral line scales over distance equal to predorsal length 39-50, scale rows between pelvic fin base and operculum 11-12, below midbase of first dorsal fin to anal fin 26-30, below origin of second dorsal fin 6-9; scale covering on gular and branchiostegal membranes extensive; teeth in both jaws relatively small, but with a distinctly enlarged outer series on premaxillary and a slightly enlarged inner series on dentary; total gill rakers on inner series of first arch 9-13, on inner and outer series of second arch 9-12. Snout protruding, angular. |
| Ease of Identification | likely to be confused with closely related species. |
| Lateral Lines | 1 Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 2 - 2 |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | pointed; confluent |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 18 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position thoracic behind origin of D1 | |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 6 - 7 |