Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 180 m (Ref. 9806). Tropical
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa eastward through Indonesia to northern Australia, northward to southern Japan.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9806)
Found on flat bottoms in coastal waters. Juveniles may be pelagic (Ref. 561). Feeds on benthic invertebrates.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Matsuura, K., 2001. Ostraciidae. Boxfishes. p. 3948-3951. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9806)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
Fisheries: of no interest
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.03715 (0.01854 - 0.07445), b=2.80 (2.62 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items. |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Fec assumed to be > 10,000). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (16 of 100). 🛈 |