Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 100 - ? m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 42°N - 0°N, 55°E - 143°E (Ref. 114953)
Indo-West Pacific; Oman (Arabian Sea) to north-east Asia (China and Japan).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9913); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 114953)
Found in continental waters, both inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913). Mainly feeds on crustaceans and polychaetes (Ref. 114953). Biology little known (Ref. 9913) but reported to produce 4-6 young each gestation (Ref. 114953). Adult males and females known at 15 cm TL; common size reported to reach 35 cm TL (Ref. 114953). The electric organs present on disc are used to stun the prey.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6252 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.2 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Assuming fecundity<100). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈 |
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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