Teleostei (teleosts) >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Apsilinae
Etymology: Paracaesio: Greek, para = the side of + Latin, caesium = bluish grey (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Mr T Kusakari worked at the Hachije Branch, Tokyo Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station. We have been unable to find further biographical details. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 100 - 310 m (Ref. 9821), usually 125 - 250 m (Ref. 82366). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 116°E - 167°W (Ref. 55)
Western Pacific: Samoa to Taiwan and Singapore and from the Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands southward to New Caledonia and northeastern Australia.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9821); max. reported age: 19 years (Ref. 82366)
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Eye large, about 3.6 times in head length. Interorbital space convex. Large specimens developing a hump on forehead. Lower jaw protruding slightly. Maxilla scaled. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line. Pectoral fins long, reaching level of anus. Back and upper sides brown; remainder of head and body silvery white with 4 broad vertical bars on upper side. Fins grayish, whitish or slightly yellowish.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults are found over rocky bottoms. Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01288 (0.00655 - 0.02535), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
7.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.15-0.19; tmax=19;). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 🛈 |
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 85.2 [32.1, 174.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.891 [0.478, 1.522] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.156, 0.449] g/100g; Selenium = 76.5 [42.4, 147.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21 [7, 69] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.917 [0.603, 1.345] mg/100g (wet weight); |