Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868)
Mediterranean horse mackerel
Add your observation in Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Trachurus mediterraneus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Upload your photos and videos
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Trachurus mediterraneus
Picture by Sarp, B.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Sarp, B.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Carangiformes (Jacks) > Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; brackish; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 500 m, usually 5 - 250 m (Ref. 54928). Subtropical; 50°N - 16°N, 20°W - 43°E
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Mauritania including the Mediterranean Sea. The subspecies Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus occurs in the Marmara and Black seas, southern and western parts of the Azov Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 20.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)
Max length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found usually near the bottom, at times also in surface waters; pelagic and migratory in large schools. They feed on other fishes especially sardines, anchovies, etc. and small crustaceans (Ref. 4233). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F. | Collaborators
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 May 2013
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
|
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00871 (0.00774 - 0.00980), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
|
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.25; assumed tm=1-2; tmax=12). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 6 full stock assessments. |
|
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
|
Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 215 [146, 344] mg/100g; Iron = 3.76 [2.38, 6.28] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [19.1, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.38 [0.27, 0.54] g/100g; Selenium = 26 [17, 40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.8 [3.7, 48.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.94 [1.49, 2.61] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |