Symphurus nigrescens, Tonguesole : fisheries

Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810

Tonguesole
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Symphurus nigrescens   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Symphurus nigrescens (Tonguesole)
Symphurus nigrescens
Picture by Patzner, R.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rafinesque.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 20 - 1140 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 17°S, 32°W - 36°E

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean, Azores, North Spain to Angola, St. Helena and Ascension Is.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 128593); max. published weight: 19.00 g (Ref. 131526)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs on mud or sand bottoms of the continental slope and shelf (Ref. 2683).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Desoutter, M., 1990. Cynoglossidae. p. 1050-1054. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6511)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
Territories
FAO areas
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Occurrences
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BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
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Otolith
Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
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Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
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Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
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References
References

Tools

Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Catch-MSY |

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00550 (0.00444 - 0.00680), b=3.16 (3.10 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level
(Ref. 69278) 		3.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience
(Ref. 120179) 		High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 59153) 		Low vulnerability (13 of 100). 🛈
Price category
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Nutrients
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 175 [82, 422] mg/100g; Iron = 1.46 [0.67, 2.80] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.3, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.412 [0.177, 0.909] g/100g; Selenium = 38.3 [17.1, 81.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [5.0, 59.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.983 [0.644, 1.488] mg/100g (wet weight);