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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Xiphias gladius AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Xiphias gladius
Foto de CAFS
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Foto de CAFS
Classificação / Nomes Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Xiphiidae (Swordfish)
Etymology: Xiphias: Greek, xiphos = sword (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Xiphias: Greek, xiphos = sword (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição Ecologia
marinhas pelagic-oceanic; oceanódromo (Ref. 71039); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 2878 m (Ref. 116993), usually 0 - 550 m (Ref. 54934). Temperate; 5°C - 27°C (Ref. 43); 69°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54934)
Distribuição Territórios | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Mapa de pontos | Introduções | Faunafri
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: tropical and temperate and sometimes cold waters, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Black Sea, and the Sea of Azov. Highly migratory species. Mt DNA restriction analysis reveal that genetic differentiation occurs between populations inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Atlantic ocean, indicating little genetic exchange occurring between the two (Ref. 12784).
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 212.0, range 156 - 250 cm
Max length : 455 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 300 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9354); peso máx. publicado: 650.0 kg (Ref. 4689)
Max length : 455 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 300 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9354); peso máx. publicado: 650.0 kg (Ref. 4689)
Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 38 - 56; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 16 - 18. Blackish-brown fading to light-brown below; 1st dorsal fin with blackish-brown membrane, other fins brown or blackish-brown (Ref. 43). A long, flat, sword-like bill and no pelvic fins (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Oceanic but sometimes found in coastal waters (Ref. 9354). Generally above the thermocline (Ref. 9354), preferring temperatures of 18°C to 22°C (Ref. 9987). Larvae are frequently encountered at temperatures above 24 °C (Ref. 9702). Migrate toward temperate or cold waters in the summer and back to warm waters in the fall. Adults are opportunistic feeders, known to forage for their food from the surface to the bottom over a wide depth range (Ref. 9702). Feed mainly on fishes (Atlantic mackerel, barracudinas, silver hake, redfish, herring and lanternfishes (Ref. 5951); also on crustaceans and squids (Ref. 9354). They use their sword to kill their prey (Ref. 9354). Large individuals may accumulate large percentages of mercury in its flesh (Ref. 9354). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Spawning takes place in Atlantic during spring in southern Sargasso Sea. Migrate to cooler waters to feed (Ref. 4689). Females grow fastest. Determination of age is difficult since the otoliths are very small and scales are missing in adults. Year rings have been successfully counted on cross sections of the fin rays (Ref. 35388). Pelagic eggs measure 1.6-1.8mm and the newly hatched larvae is 4 mm long. Sword is well developed at a length of 10mm and young live pelagically in the upper water layers where they quickly develop into very voracious predators (Ref. 35388). Mt DNA restriction analysis reveal that genetic differentiation occurs between populations inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Atlantic ocean, indicating little genetic exchange occurring between the two (Ref. 12784). Good food fish, marketed fresh or frozen, and can be made into sashimi, teriyaki or fillets (Ref. 9354).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
In the Atlantic Ocean, spawning occurs in the upper water layer at depths between 0 and 75 m, at temperatures around 23°C, and salinity of 33.8 to 37.4 ppt.
The distribution of larval broadbill swordfish in the Pacific Ocean indicates that spawning occurs mainly in waters with a temperature of 24°C or more. Spawning appears to occur in all seasons in equatorial waters, but is restricted to spring and summer at higher latitudes (Ref. 30448).
Fertilisation in broadbill swordfish is external and pairing of solitary males and females is thought to occur when spawning (Ref. 9742). Broadbill swordfish are reported to spawn in the upper layers of the water column, from the surface to a depth of 75 m (Ref. 43).
Estimates of egg numbers vary considerably, from 1 million to 16 million in 168,000 g female (Ref. 9742) and 29 million in a 272,000 g female (Ref. 30372).
Referência principal
Carregar suas referências | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Quase ameaçada (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 May 2021
CITES
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para os humanos
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
FAO - pescarias: perfil da espécie, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Mais informação
Ecologia Trófica
Itens alimentares (presas)
Composição da dieta
Consumo alimentar
Rações alimentares
Predadores
Itens alimentares (presas)
Composição da dieta
Consumo alimentar
Rações alimentares
Predadores
Ciclo de vida
Reprodução
Maturidade
Maturidade/Rel. das guelras
Fecundidade
Desova
Agregações de desova
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larval
Reprodução
Maturidade
Maturidade/Rel. das guelras
Fecundidade
Desova
Agregações de desova
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Larvas
Dinâmica larval
Fisiologia
Composição corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo de oxigênio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Pigmentos visuais
Som de peixe
Doenças e Parasitas
Toxicidade (LC50s)
Composição corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo de oxigênio
Tipo de natação
Velocidade de natação
Pigmentos visuais
Som de peixe
Doenças e Parasitas
Toxicidade (LC50s)
Relacionado a humanos
Sistemas de aquicultura
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Casos de Ciguatera
Selos, moedas, diversos.
Sistemas de aquicultura
Perfis para aquacultura
Estirpes
Casos de Ciguatera
Selos, moedas, diversos.
Ferramentas
Livro eletrônico | Guia de campo | Chaves de identificação | Ferramenta auxiliar de frequências de comprimento | Ferramenta sobre a história de vida | Mapa de pontos |
Catch-MSY |
Relatórios especiais
Checar Manutenção em Aquário | Checar Planilhas de Fatos sobre as Espécies | Checar Planilhas de Fatos sobre Aquicultura
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Checar Observador de Peixes (FishWatcher) | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gênero, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pescarias: perfil da espécie, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de dados nacionais | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Identificação RFE | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: Ir para, procura | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Registro zoológico
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
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Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00380 (0.00158 - 0.00913), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 8.9 (6.1 - 13.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies. |
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Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (rm=0.076; K=0.23; tm=5-6; tmax=9). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.69, Based on 17 full stock assessments. |
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Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100). 🛈 |
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Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
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Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 9 [4, 16] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.142, 0.491] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.0, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.333 [0.155, 0.694] g/100g; Selenium = 44.1 [17.4, 121.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.71 [1.63, 20.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.157, 0.783] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |