Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathypelagic; depth range 100 - 600 m (Ref. 57911), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 47377). Deep-water; 48°N - 35°S, 56°W - 98°W (Ref. 57911)
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Florida, USA and around Gulf of Mexico; along coasts of Central America and South America to Brazil, and Uruguay (Ref. 47377).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 57911); common length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5217)
Scales lacks tiny spines. Swim bladder not silvery (Ref. 7251). Six gill rakers on lower arm of first gill arch (Ref. 37473).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found on soft bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: of potential interest
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00417 (0.00227 - 0.00767), b=3.15 (2.98 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tmax>3). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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