Teleostei (teleosts) >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Upeneus: Greek, ypene, -es = upper lip (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Marchese Giacomo Doria (1840–1913) was an Italian zoologist and ornithologist who collected in Persia (Iran) (1862–1863) and in Borneo with Odoardo Beccari (1865–1866). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 45 m (Ref. 83903). Subtropical
Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 13710)
Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII,9; pectoral fins 14-16; gill rakers 7-9 + 22-24 = 29-33; lateral line scales 33-35; body slightly elongated. Measurements as % SL: body depth at anal-fin origin 23-26; maximum head depth 22-25; head depth through eye 17-21; suborbital depth 9.0-12; head length 29-31; snout length 9.4-12; postorbital length 11-14; upper-jaw length 10-13; barbel length 15=20; barbel width 0.7-1.1; caudal-peduncle length 20-23; second dorsal-fin base length 13-16; caudal-fin length 27-30; length of anal-fin base 11-12; anal-fin height 14-16; pelvic fin length 17-21; pectoral-fin length 22-26; pectoral-fin width 4.5-5.9; first dorsal-fin height 20-24; dorsal-fin spines decreasing in height starting with second long spine; second dorsal-fin height 14-16. Colouration: caudal fin no bars; first dorsal fin with pale brown to yellowish tip in fresh specimens that may fade away when preserved; a yellow lateral body stripe in fresh fish at level of upper edge of eye, sometimes visible in preservative; barbels white when fresh, pale in preservative; head and body silvery-whitish ventrally and laterally and dark gray dorsally, pelvic fins yellowish at origin; when preserved, head and body rather uniformly pale to dark brown or dorsally darker and fins pale, except for weakly pigmented first dorsal-fin tip sometimes still retained (Ref. 138759).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Forms schools in coastal waters. Marketed fresh (Ref. 13710).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome. 293 p. (Ref. 13710)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00955 (0.00454 - 0.02011), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (24 of 100). 🛈 |