Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabricius, 1780)
American plaice
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Hippoglossoides platessoides AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Hippoglossoides platessoides
Picture by Svensen, R.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Svensen, R.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - 3000 m (Ref. 58426), usually 90 - 250 m (Ref. 6263). Temperate; 80°N - 41°N, 72°W - 55°E
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Two subspecies were recognized, H. p. platessoides from northwestern Atlantic, and H. p. limandoides from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 51668).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 35.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 82.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 58426); max. published weight: 6.4 kg (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 6263)
Max length : 82.6 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 58426); max. published weight: 6.4 kg (Ref. 7251); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 6263)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Slender body and a large mouth. Dorsal fin starts above left eye. Lateral line almost straight. Rough scales (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults are most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Live on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988, 58426). Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51486). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators
Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau, 1998. Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. (Ref. 30193)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Endangered (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 12 February 2021
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
Bio-Quiz | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Catch-MSY |
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00646 (0.00553 - 0.00753), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 13.1 (8.8 - 14.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (rm=0.43; K=0.06-0.12; tm=2-11; tmax=30; Fec=50,000). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.19, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.28, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
High. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 19.2 [7.5, 32.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.214 [0.105, 0.410] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.7, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.407 [0.194, 0.867] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [15.1, 68.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.07 [1.81, 36.72] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.336 [0.224, 0.512] mg/100g (wet weight); |