Petrus rupestris, Red steenbras : fisheries, gamefish

Petrus rupestris (Valenciennes, 1830)

Red steenbras
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Petrus rupestris   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Petrus rupestris (Red steenbras)
Petrus rupestris
Picture by FAO

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Petrus: Latin, petra = stone (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 28°S - 34°S

Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: Mossel Bay to Natal in South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 57.5  range ? - 70 cm
Max length : 200 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3198); common length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3507); max. published weight: 80.0 kg (Ref. 4537)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 11; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Reddish, bronzy or golden-yellow in color; young with a blotch behind dorsal fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Found near rocky banks in coastal waters including estuaries. Adults solitary and territorial. Feeds on octopus, crabs and fish, especially Spondyliosoma. The flesh is highly esteemed, but the liver is poisonous due to high vitamin A content which causes hypervitaminosis. Popular angling fish. Largest of the porgies.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986. Sparidae. p. 580-594. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3198)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Critically Endangered (CR) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 11 July 2024

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Poisonous to eat (Ref. 3507)





Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Distribution
Territories
FAO areas
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Occurrences
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BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
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Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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Taxonomy
Common names
Synonyms
Morphology
Morphometrics
Pictures
References
References

Tools

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Special reports

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01549 (0.00877 - 0.02735), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level
(Ref. 69278) 		4.5   ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time 14.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resilience
(Ref. 120179) 		Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.08; tm=5-7; tmax=30;).
Fishing Vulnerability
(Ref. 59153) 		Very high vulnerability (80 of 100). 🛈
Climate Vulnerability
(Ref. 125649) 		Very high vulnerability (92 of 100). 🛈
Price category
(Ref. 80766) 		Low.
Nutrients
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 29 [17, 56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.833 [0.448, 1.585] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [19.2, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.22, 0.60] g/100g; Selenium = 37.5 [16.0, 74.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.94 [2.73, 33.75] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.486 [0.332, 0.711] mg/100g (wet weight);