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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Limanda aspera AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Limanda aspera
Picture by Archipelago Marine Research Ltd.
Pictures | Google image
Picture by Archipelago Marine Research Ltd.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
More on author: Pallas.
More on author: Pallas.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range 0 - 700 m (Ref. 50593), usually ? - 91 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 67°N - 35°N, 130°E - 125°W (Ref. 54599)
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
North Pacific: Korea and the Sea of Japan to the Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and Barkley Sound, Canada. Reported from the Alaskan Beaufort Sea (Ref. 28503).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 27.3, range 21 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56370); common length : 33.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4883); max. published weight: 1.7 kg (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 34 years (Ref. 55701)
Max length : 49.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56370); common length : 33.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4883); max. published weight: 1.7 kg (Ref. 56527); max. reported age: 34 years (Ref. 55701)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 61 - 69; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 48 - 58; Vertebrae: 39 - 40. Dorsal origin above posterior part of eye. Caudal rounded at edges. Pectorals bluntly pointed.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults feed on hydroids, worms, mollusks, and brittle stars (Ref. 6885). Marketed frozen and eaten fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Each individual spawns from 8 to 11 batches (Ref. 39301). Spawning occurs primarily in shallow water but for large females spawning may take place in waters to a depth of around 50 m (Ref. 119537). Undergoes spawning and feeding migration (Ref. 119537).
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 November 2020
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: species profile, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OceanAdapt | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
|
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00832 (0.00722 - 0.00959), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 7.8 (6.8 - 11.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (K=0.1-0.15; tm=4-10; tmax=34; Fec=1 million). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 7 full stock assessments. |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (23 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 12.4 [5.7, 51.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.246 [0.127, 0.464] mg/100g; Protein = 15.7 [13.4, 18.4] %; Omega3 = 0.36 [0.18, 0.74] g/100g; Selenium = 13.5 [4.6, 46.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.24 [1.88, 45.54] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.298 [0.160, 0.721] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |