Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; reef-associated; catadromous (Ref. 46888); depth range 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical; 20°S - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Marquesan Islands, north to the Philippines and the South China Sea, south to Tonga and tropical Australia (Ref. 1602, 9812).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9812); common length : 18.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9812); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 127264)
School in shallow coastal waters; enter lagoons, estuaries, and rivers to feed (Ref. 9812). It feeds on plant detritus, microalgae, minute benthic organisms, and organic matter in sand and mud; juveniles feed on planktonic algae (Ref. 9812). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Also caught with stakenets and is marketed fresh (Ref. 9812).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01230 (0.01003 - 0.01509), b=2.94 (2.91 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
2.3 ±0.14 se; based on food items. |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tmax=4). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (22 of 100). 🛈 |
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 53.4 [15.2, 140.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.669 [0.287, 1.549] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.7, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.258 [0.115, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 9.04 [3.99, 23.80] μg/100g; VitaminA = 52.4 [11.9, 246.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.84, 2.32] mg/100g (wet weight); |