Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; brackish; benthopelagic; depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 125504). Tropical; 34°N - 9°S, 119°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: from San Pedro Breakwater, California to Revillagigedo, Baja California, Mexico, to Sea of Cortez, south to Chimbote, Peru.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9312); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9312)
Body deep and moderately compressed, the depth much greater than head length; eyes small; upper jaw scarcely protractile; vomer, palate and tongue toothless; nostrils round and close together; preopercle distinctly serrated; lower branch of first gill arch with 15 gill rakers; in large individuals, the dorsal and anal fins, along with the caudal fin, appear like 3 caudal fins; body olive colored, speckled with dark spots; juveniles yellowish with dark spots (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Feeds mainly on benthic crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 9312).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C., 1995. Lobotidae. Dormilonas. p. 1226. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9312)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01862 (0.00826 - 0.04196), b=3.01 (2.81 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.1 ±0.68 se; based on food items. |
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100). 🛈 |
Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown.
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 59.9 [32.6, 124.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.717 [0.411, 1.263] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.3, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.181 [0.100, 0.333] g/100g; Selenium = 77.1 [38.4, 173.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.25 [2.87, 28.56] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.81 [0.55, 1.30] mg/100g (wet weight); |