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drawing shows typical species in Engraulidae.
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drawing shows typical species in Engraulidae.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic. Tropical
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Southwestern Pacific: Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa
Size / Weight / Age
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 15; Anal soft rays: 30 - 33; Vertebrae: 40. This species is distinguished by the following characteristics: short maxilla, posterior tip not
reaching to posterior margin of opercle; first supramaxilla is elongated, longer than half length of second; abdomen covered with 4-6 + 8-10 = 12-16 keeled scutes; no scutes on anterior to pectoral fin; 1UGR (upper gill rakers of first gill arch) 16-18, 1LGR (lower gill rakers of first gill arch) 21-23, 1TGR (total gill rakers of first gill arch) 38-40; 2UGR 13-15, 2LGR 22-24, 2TGR 36-38; 3UGR 11-12, 3LGR 13-15, 3TGR 25-27; 4UGR 10-11, 4LGR 10-12, 4TGR 20-23; no distinct black blotches on dorsal fin; caudal peduncle is narrow [9.3-10.2% (mean 9.7%) of SL] and long (9.7-10.5% of SL); pre-dorsal-fin is long, 50.6-52.0% of SL; snout long, 4.9-5.3% of SL (Ref. 129422).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Hata, H., I.F. Mandagi and K.W.A. Masengi, 2023. Resurrection of nominal species previously regarded as junior synonyms of Thrissina baelama (Fabricius, 1775) and their re-descriptions (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71:279-302. (Ref. 129422)
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
More information
Trophic ecology
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Food items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Gill area
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Genome
Genetics
Heterozygosity
Heritability
Genetic Diversity
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
Special reports
Download XML
Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
|
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00380 (0.00173 - 0.00834), b=3.10 (2.92 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
3.4 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
|
Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
|
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈 |