Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840)
Starry grouper
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jenyns.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Peru, including the offshore islands of Cocos, Revillagigedo, and the Galapagos Islands.
東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到祕魯, 包括可可島，雷維拉吉哥多島的離岸島嶼, 與加拉巴哥群島。
東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到祕魯, 包括可可島，雷維拉吉哥多島的離岸島嶼, 與加拉巴哥群島。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: olive green to reddish brown with scattered irregular white and brown spots and blotches; white triangle at the margin of the interspinous dorsal-fin membranes and bright white tag at the tip of each spine; juveniles with black spots on the top of head and median fins reddish distally with white edge; small black saddle on peduncle; inside of mouth is red; depth of body contained 2.7-3.1 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.5 times in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, slightly enlarged ventral serrae; smooth subopercle and interopercle; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal anterior and posterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults are most abundant in shallow water and also occurs to a depth of at least 30 m. Inhabits rocky area of coastal waters within continental shelf (Ref. 11035). A solitary predator that seems to feed on smaller fishes by day and crustaceans after dark. Spawning occurs in late summer (Ref. 5592).
成鱼是最丰富在浅水区以及出现到深度至少 30 公尺。 栖息于大陆架里面的沿岸水域的岩石的区域。 (参考文献 11035) 似乎的一种独居性掠食者白天觅食较小的鱼与黄昏以后甲壳动物。 在夏末产卵。 (参考文献 5592)
成鱼是最丰富在浅水区以及出现到深度至少 30 公尺。 栖息于大陆架里面的沿岸水域的岩石的区域。 (参考文献 11035) 似乎的一种独居性掠食者白天觅食较小的鱼与黄昏以后甲壳动物。 在夏末产卵。 (参考文献 5592)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到祕魯, 包括可可島，雷維拉吉哥多島的離岸島嶼, 與加拉巴哥群島。
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01549 (0.00960 - 0.02499), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 5.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tmax=23; k=0.25). |
|
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
|
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
|
营养素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 82.6 [36.9, 183.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.899 [0.433, 2.069] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.2, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.099, 0.349] g/100g; Selenium = 53.7 [26.7, 122.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 45.4 [11.0, 184.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.78, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight); |