FB-106 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=106 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Scombriformes Scombridae Gymnosarda Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836) Posht Siah Puzanok Zalun Sledz czarnomorski Sável-do-Mar Negro Dunavska skumriya Karagyoz Eichwalds stamsild Donauhering Black Sea herring Black Sea shad Kerch black sea shad Kerch shad Pontic shad Spotless shad Musta ja aasovi mere aloosa Pontose aloosa Alose Alose de la mer Noire Chernomorskaya seld Chernomorskaya sel'd Chernomorsko-azovskaya sel'd' Dunayskaya sel'd Tchernomorsko-asovskaya sel'd Сельдь черноморско-азовская черноморско-азовская проходная сельдь Svartahavs-staksill Ringa balığı Tirsi Tirsi balığı Оселедець азово-чорноморський Оселедець чорноморський Оселедець чорноморсько-азовський Оселедець­куцак Alosa pontica Sábalo del Mar Negro Črnomorska čepa Sardelomana Pontou Scrumbie de Dunare Scumbie de Dunăre Σαρδελομάνα Πόντου 長體西鯡 长体西鲱 Alosa kessleri pontica (Eichwald, 1838) Alosa kessleri pontica borysthenis Pavlov, 1959 Alosa kessleri pontica issatschenkovi Pavlov, 1959 Alosa kessleri pontica moriaac Pavlov, 1959 Alosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838) Alosa pontica danubii Antipa, 1904 Alosa pontica nigrescens Antipa, 1904 Alosa pontica pontica (Eichwald, 1838) Alosa pontica russac Antipa, 1904 Alosa pontica var. moriac Antipa, 1909 Caspialosa kessleri pontica (Eichwald, 1838) Caspialosa pontica (Eichwald, 1838) Caspialosa pontica chtamalocephala Isachenko, 1925 Caspialosa pontica hypselocephala Isachenko, 1925 Clupea eichwaldi Grimm, 1901 Clupea eichwaldii Grimm, 1901 Clupea piltschardus (non Pallas, 1814) Clupea pontica Eichwald, 1838 1990-10-17 2023-06-15 Coppola, S.R., W. 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Mustafayev, S. Ibrahimov, S. Pipoyan and L. Mumladze0 Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 36(4):501-514. (Ref. 124004) Marčeta, B. and K. Pliberšek (eds)0 BiosWeb. Biological database of the Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia. Ljubljana, Fisheries Research Institute of Slovenia, 2014. (www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard0 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-pic-105-11415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Alpon_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Alpon_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Thai species is pelagic at sea, in deep water. It migrates to middle reaches of large rivers, spawning where current is strongest, close to the surface, often at 2-3 m depth in the main channel. Migrates upriver to spawn at 3 years, rarely earlier and only a few individuals spawn two seasons. It appears along the coast in March to April, enters rivers when temperatures reach about 6-9°C, between late March and late April; migration usually peaks in May. Spawning starts when temperature rises above 15°C in April to August; usually between 1 and 8 p.m. Pelagic eggs. Spent individuals return to the sea to feed. Juveniles inhabit floodplain and shallow riverine habitats, migrate to the sea or estuarine habitats during first summer; in autumn return to the sea until maturity. When at sea, it feeds on a wide variety of zooplankton (mainly crustaceans, (Crangon, Upogebia, Idothea, gammarids) and small fish (Engraulis, Clupeonella, Sprattus). Reduction of spawning sites and migration routes are caused by impoundment of main rivers. Heavy over fishing apparently reduced all populations during the first decade of the 20th century (Ref. 59043). Reaches a smaller size (30 cm SL, usually 14-18) in Don River; a smaller form reaches only 21 cm. Kottelat, M. 1997 European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696) FB-DiagnosticDescr-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Body fairly elongate, more `herring-like' than `shad-like'. Gill rakers rather thin, usually equal to or a little shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. caspia, which usually has more Gill rakers (50 to 180, much longer than gill filaments), poorly developed teeth and a deeper, `shad-like' body; A. maeotica has fewer Gill rakers (33 to 36). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 0; Analspines: 0 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Eurasia: Black Sea and Sea of Azov ( in sea and in the Don, Danube and other rivers, as much as 567 km up the Don and as far as Kiev on the Dneiper before the dam was built). Recognized sub-species (Ref. 683): Alosa pontica pontica in the Black Sea and rivers feeding it; Alosa pontica kessleri and Alosa pontica volgensis in the Caspian Sea. Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov 1997 An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes of Russia. J. Ichthyol. 37(9):687-736. (Ref. 26334) FB-Uses-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 fisheries: minor commercial; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) FB-Migration-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) FB-LifeCycle-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=105&StockCode=119 Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 59043). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2004-09-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public immaculata http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Feeds on fish and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 188). Euryhaline, anadromous, moving northward in the Black Sea in spring and early summer. Remains at depths of 40-90 m during winter, moving to shallower waters in spring and near the bottom at water temperatures of 10-15°C in summer and autumn (Ref. 10439). In Kagoul Lake in the Danube Delta, numerous juveniles 2.6-7.0 cm FL were noted in July-August at water temperatures of 15.8-19.5°C, oxygen concentration of 9.9-10.4 ml/l and pH of 8.0-8.1 (Ref. 10440). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat 39.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 188)); max. reported age: 7 years (Ref. 10439) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) Kolarov, P. 1991 <i>Alosa pontica pontica</i> (Eichwald 1938). p. 337-368. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10439) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-105 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-10-21 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=105 pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 138126); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 3 - 90 m (Ref. 10439) Lassalle, G., M. Béguer, L. Baulaton and E. Rochard 2009 Learning from the past to predict the future: Responses of European diadromous fish to climate change. Amer. Fish. Soc. Symp. 69:175-193. (Ref. 138126) Kolarov, P. 1991 <i>Alosa pontica pontica</i> (Eichwald 1938). p. 337-368. In H. Hoestlandt (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 2. Clupeidae, Anguillidae. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. (Ref. 10439)