FB-1087 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1087 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mugiliformes Mugilidae Mugil Mugil curvidens Valenciennes, 1836 Multe Mugil kurema Caíca Mondego Mugem Parati Parati guaçú Paratibu Paratiguera Parati-olho-de-fogo Pratiqueira Pratiquera Sassaiuba Saúna Saúna-olho-de-fogo Solé Tainha Taínha Tainha pitiu Tainha sajuba Tainha-branca Tainha-de-olho-amarelo Tainha-do-olho-amarelo Tainha-do-olho-preto Tainha-parati Tainha-verdadeira Hvid multe Multe Amerikanische Meeräsche Meeräsche Blueback mullet Curema mullet Josea Mollit Mulet Mullet Redeye mullet Silver mullet Small mullet White mullet Mulet Mulet blanc Mulet curème Mulet de mer Röndungur Cefalo Muggine Bora Belaya kefal' Cipli Vit multe Kefal Danga danga Khir Anchoa blanca Anchoveta Capiton Chango Corvina lisa Galupe isa criolla Jarea Lebrancha Lebranche Lisa Lisa blanca Lisa criolla Lisa plateada Liseta Liseta plateada Liza curema Mujol Plateado Aaldu Alder Aldu Ereketa Haalder Haloe Harder Joushtayu Kapiyut Képhalos Kouéléma Kuréma Kwelema Lobá Milé Mulet Palasi Prasie Prassi Rangal Tainha 库里鲻 庫里鯔 Liza curema (Valenciennes, 1836) Mugil brasiliensis (non Spix & Agassiz, 1831) Mugil gaimardianus (non Desmarest, 1831) Mugil metzelaari Chabanaud, 1926 Mugil petrosus Valenciennes, 1836 Myxus harengus Günther, 1861 1990-10-17 2018-02-01 ASIH (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists)0 Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1086-2597 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 2012-04-18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mucur_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Mucur_u0.jpg FB-pic-1086-5259 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1995-08-09 1997-05-09 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Mucur_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Mucur_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 Adults inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Adults form schools (Ref. 9321). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Reproduction occurs between March and August. Spawn several million eggs provided with a notable yolk (Ref. 35237). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Maximul size 910 mm TL for western Central Atlantic specimens, eastern Central Atlantic specimens may reach 350 mm TL and commonly reach 250 mm TL (Ref. 81659). An important foodfish, it is marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 9321). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-02-27 00:00:00 2017-10-31 16:29:46 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Diagnosis: body stout, rounded in cross-section; head broad; inter-orbital space flat; a well developed adipose eyelid covering most of pupil (Ref. 57400). Upper lip simple, thicker and deeper than in most Mugil species, armed with 2-3 rows (Ref. 57400), teeth in outer row curved, monocuspid (Ref. 57400, 81659) and moderately close-set (Ref. 81659) or widely spaced (Ref. 57400), inner row of less closely set, smaller teeth may be present just posterior to outer row (Ref. 81659). Lower lip with single row of unicuspid teeth, usually smaller than teeth in outer row on upper lip (Ref. 81659). A vertical line from hind end of upper jaw positioned midway between posterior nostril and anterior eye margin; maxillary pad not visible below corner of mouth when closed; origin of 1st dorsal fin equidistant from snout tip and caudal-fin base; pectoral axillary process well developed (30-37% of pectoral-fin length)(Ref. 57400). (Second) dorsal and anal fins entirely (and more or less densely) covered with scales (Ref. 57400, 81659). Anal fin usually III-9 (rarely III-10) in adults (usually II-10 in juveniles Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-Morphology-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-02-27 00:00:00 2017-10-31 16:29:46 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Dorsal spines (total): 4 - 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10 Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-Distribution-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-03-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, but uncommon north of Cape Cod (Harrison, pers. Comm.) to Argentina (Ref. 74796). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal River outlet (Ref. 57400) southwards up to Namibia (Ref. 81659). Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Chile (Ref. 9321, 81659). Harrison, I.J. 1995 Mugilidae. Lisas. p. 1293-1298. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9321) FB-Uses-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: occasionally Thomson, J.M. 1978 Mugilidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3791) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-Migration-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) FB-TrophicStrategy-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2008-07-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public curema http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 91.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 81659)); max. published weight: 680 g (Ref. 40637) Harrison, I.J. 2008 Mugilidae. p. 450-471. In M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels and C.D. Hopkins (eds.) The fresh and brackish water fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa. Volume II. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium. 603 pp. (Ref. 81659) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1086 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1086 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution reef-associated; catadromous (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 300 m, usually 0 - 20 m Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106)