FB-10915 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gymnotiformes Gymnotidae Gymnotus Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1758 Carapo Carapó Ituí Ituï Morenita Peixe espada do rio Pirá mboi Sabão Sarapo Sarapó Tira faca Tuí Tuvira Varapó Stribet elektroål Amerikanischer Messerfisch Gebänderter Messeraal Gebänderter Messerfisch Banded knifefish Cutlass fish Eel knifefish Gymnotid eel Harilik paljaskala Veitsikala Gymnote rayé Obyknovennyi gimnot Anguila Carapo Akomoe Alapo Alapotaïni Alapotanchiayi Angi Anguille Bloblo Booboo Kaloyë Lobo lobo Logologo Maléto Oumépénatou Oumet penatou Progasta električna jegulja Sidiol 圭亚那裸背电鳗 圭亞那裸背電鰻 Carapus macrourus Cuvier, 1870 Gymnotum album Pallas, 1769 Gymnotum fasciatum Pallas, 1769 Gymnotus albus Pallas, 1769 Gymnotus brachiurus Bloch, 1786 Gymnotus fasciatus Pallas, 1769 Gymnotus putaol Lacepède, 1800 Sternopygus carapus Günther, 1870 1994-06-16 2008-11-17 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Wheeler, A.0 Das grosse Buch der Fische. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co. Stuttgart. 356 p. (Ref. 557) Linnaeus, C.0 Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordinus, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. 824 p. (Ref. 1652) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. (Ref. 2209) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. 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(Ref. 10531) Westby, G.W.M.0 Has the latency dependent response of <i>Gymnotus carapo</i> to discharge-triggered stimuli a bearing on electric fish communication?. J. Comp. Physiol. 96:307-341. (Ref. 10532) Westby, G.W.M.0 Further analysis of the individual discharge characteristics predicting social dominance in the electric fish, <i>Gymnotus carapo</i>. Anim. Behav. 223:249-260. (Ref. 10533) Kramer, B., J. Tautz and H. Markl0 The EOD sound response in weakly electric fish. J. Comp. Physiol. 143A:435-441. (Ref. 10831) Barrio, L.C., A. Caputi, L. Crispino and W. Bruno0 Electric organ discharge frequency modulation evoked by water vibration in <i>Gymnotus carapo</i>. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 100A:555-562. (Ref. 10834) Pimentel-Souza, F., J.B. Pereira and N.P. Alvarenga0 Comportamento, termorregulaçao e aclimaçao em temperaturas elevadas do peixe elétrico <i>Gymnotus</i>. Ciencia e Cultura 28:940-944. (Ref. 10836) Barbieri, G. and M. Barbieri-Cruz0 Growth and first sexual maturation size of <i>Gymnotus carapo</i> (Linnaeus 1758) (Pisces, Gymnotidae) in the Lobo Reservoir (State of Sao Paulo, Brazil). Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 16(2):195-201. (Ref. 10884) Kenny, J.S.0 Views from the bridge: a memoir on the freshwater fishes of Trinidad. Julian S. Kenny, Maracas, St. Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago. 98 p. (Ref. 11225) Cordiviola de Yuan, E. and C. Pignalberi de Hassan0 Fish population in the Paraná River: lentic environments of Diamante and San Pedro areas (Argentine Republic). Hydrobiologia 127:213-218. (Ref. 11229) Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail0 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas, Band 1. 10th edition. Mergus Verlag GmBH, Melle, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 13371) Pavanelli, C.S. and E.P. 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Casatti0 The fish fauna from a small forest stream of the Upper Parana River Basin, southern Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3-4):337-352. (Ref. 26681) Boujard, T., M. Pascal, F.J. Meunier and P.-Y. Le Bail0 Poissons de Guyane. Guide écologique de l'Approuague et de la réserve des Nouragues. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, 219 p. (Ref. 27188) Iguchi, K., N. Matsubara, T. Yodo and K. Maekawa0 Individual food niche specialization in stream-dwelling charr. Ichthyol. Res. 51:321-326. (Ref. 27745) Foresti, F., L.F. de Almeida Toledo and S.A. Toledo0 Chromosome studies in <i>Gymnotus carapo</i> and <i>Gymnotus</i> sp. (Pisces, Gymnotidae). Caryologia 37(1-2):141-146. (Ref. 29255) Foresti, F., L.F. Almeida Toledo and S.A. Toledo F0 Polymorphic nature of nucleolus organizer regions in fishes. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 31(3):137-144. (Ref. 29395) Arkhipchuk, V.V.0 Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. (Ref. 30184) Rass, T.S.0 Fish. 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McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Aggressive (Ref. 27188). Inhabits turbid slow moving or standing waters (Ref. 11225). Found also in shallow edges of streams (Ref. 75964). Can survive when ditches, canals and small ponds dry out. (Ref. 11225). Feeds mainly at night on worms, insects (e.g. odonate larvae), shrimps, fish (preferably small characids, e.g. Ctenobrycon and Curimata) and plant matter (Ref. 7020; 10011). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Mouth brooding by males is observed in this species (Ref. 55570). Males provide parental care in nests excavated for eggs and larvae (Ref. 55570). Uses its long anal fin for locomotion. Can distinguish between a `friendly neighbor' and a potentially `threatening stranger' based on electric organ discharge (EOD) waveform alone (Ref. 10011). Relationship between EOD pattern and agonistic behavior in this species has been demonstrated (Refs. 10531, 10532, 10533). Shows auditory abilities, responding best to a frequency of 1000 Hz, with an upper limit above 5000 Hz (Ref. 10831). Also responds to vibratory stimuli (water waves: 125-250 Hz) with transient increase in EOD rate (Ref. 10834). 'Prefers' temperatures of 24-25°C (Ref. 10836). Campos-da-Paz, R. 2003 Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes). p. 483-486. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36692) FB-Distribution-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Central and South America: southern Mexico to Paraguay, including Trinidad. Campos-da-Paz, R. 2003 Gymnotidae (Naked-back knifefishes). p. 483-486. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36692) FB-Uses-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Mills, D. and G. Vevers 1989 The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey. 208 p. (Ref. 7020) FB-Migration-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=10915&StockCode=11239 Parental care is provided by the male. The male sits on a depression with its anal fin expanded horizontally guarding a cluster of larvae. More larvae are spread out in leaf litter up to 2 m away (Ref. 55570). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1999-05-20 00:00:00 1999-05-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ carapo Feeds mainly on insects (Ref. 26681). Castro, R.M.C. and L. Casatti 1997 The fish fauna from a small forest stream of the Upper Parana River Basin, southern Brazil. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3-4):337-352. (Ref. 26681) FB-Size-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 76.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 79585)); max. published weight: 1,243 g (Ref. 79585) Zaniboni Filho, E., S. Meurer, O.A. Shibatta and A.P. de Oliverira Nuñer 2004 Catálogo ilustrado de peixes do alto Rio Uruguai. Florianópolis : Editora da UFSC : Tractebel Energia. 128 p. :col. ill., col. maps ; 25 cm. (Ref. 79585) Zaniboni Filho, E., S. Meurer, O.A. Shibatta and A.P. de Oliverira Nuñer 2004 Catálogo ilustrado de peixes do alto Rio Uruguai. Florianópolis : Editora da UFSC : Tractebel Energia. 128 p. :col. ill., col. maps ; 25 cm. (Ref. 79585) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-10915-1502 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-03-17 00:00:00 2005-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=10915&StockCode=11239 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Brevimulticaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Moravec, F. 1998 Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the neotropical region. 464 p. Praha, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. (Ref. 51153) FB-Habitat-10915 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1994-06-16 00:00:00 2008-11-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=10915 benthopelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; dH range: 15 Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)