FB-1095 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1095 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Mulliformes Mullidae Upeneus Upeneus parvus Poey, 1852 Sultanka trójpalma Beija-moça Canaiú Pirametara Salamonete Salmão-pequeno Salmonejo Salmonete Salmonete-da-pedra Saramonete Saramunete Trilha Plettet mulle Copper pilot Goat mullet Goatfish Queen mullet Red goatfish Souris jaune Spotted goatfish Spotted goat-fish Täpiline ebasultan Barbaray jaune et gris Barbaray rouge Rouget-barbet tacheté Chivo manchado Pargo rojo Salmonete Salmonete colorado Salmonete de roca Salmonete manchado Barbeel Barbí shouru Mandinga 斑点拟绯鲤 斑點擬緋鯉 Mullus maculatus Bloch, 1793 Pseudopeneus maculatus (Bloch, 1793) Upeneus maculatus (Bloch, 1793) 1990-10-17 2024-01-22 Randall, J.E.0 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Robins, C.R., R.M. 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Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-1094-2598 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 1996-10-31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psmac_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Psmac_u1.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2007-05-11 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Flesh highly esteemed; marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 3792). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392). Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-03-29 00:00:00 2005-01-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats A series of three large blackish blotches on upper side of body beneath dorsal fins; color variable but usually pale, the scales of the back with reddish or yellowish brown edges and a central pale blue spot; diagonal light blue lines on head. Capable of displaying a pattern of large red blotches on head and body in less than a minute (Ref. 13442). Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) FB-Morphology-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-03-29 00:00:00 2005-01-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 89; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 Randall, J.E. 1996 Caribbean reef fishes. Third Edition - revised and enlarged. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Hong Kong. 3nd ed. 368 p. (Ref. 13442) FB-Distribution-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-03-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 Western Atlantic: Bermuda and New Jersey, USA to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and throughout the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Vergara, R. and J.E. Randall 1978 Mullidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. pag.var. (Ref. 3792) FB-Uses-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2007-05-11 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial Vergara, R. and J.E. Randall 1978 Mullidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 3. pag.var. (Ref. 3792) Monteiro-Neto, C., F.E.A. Cunha, M.C. Nottingham, M.E. Araújo, I.L. Rosa and G.M.L. Barros 2003 Analysis of the marine ornamental fish trade at Ceará State, northeast Brazil. Biodivers. Conserv. 12:1287-1295. (Ref. 49392) FB-LifeCycle-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2007-05-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1094&StockCode=1110 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Spawnng may either be in pairs or in small groups (Ref. 240). Thresher, R.E. 1984 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) FB-TrophicStrategy-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2023-06-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public maculatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Grubbers which excavate while moving, feed on bottom animals (Ref. 40396). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 126840). Predominantly inhabits forereefs (Ref. 128694). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) FB-Size-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2007-05-11 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)) Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1094 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2007-05-11 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1094 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 90 m (Ref. 9626), usually 0 - 35 m (Ref. 40849) Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626) Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter 2001 The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656. (Ref. 40849)