FB-1119 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1119 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Ovalentaria/misc Pomacentridae Abudefduf Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ustniczek czarny Enxada Frade Jandaia Paru-preto Peixe frade Paru Paru-da-pedra Paru-de-pedra Paru-frade Paru-listrado Parum-dourado Peixe-anjo Fransk kejserfisk Samtschwarzer Kaiserfisch Angelfish French angel French angelfish French Angelfish Kuldvööt-ingelkala Demoiselle chiririte Kihoshi-yakko Fransk Ängelfisk Banderita Cachama negra Chivirica francesa Gallineta negra Isabelita Isabelita negra Manai colador Manaiyu Sheu Chaetodon aureus Bloch, 1787 Chaetodon paru Bloch, 1787 Pomacanthus aureus (Bloch, 1787) 1990-10-17 2015-03-20 Thresher, R.E.0 Reproduction in reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., Neptune City, New Jersey. 399 p. (Ref. 240) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. 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Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) Iglésias, T.L., A. Dornburg, M.C. Brandley, M.E. Alfaro and D.L. Warren0 Life in the unthinking depths: energetic constraints on encephalization in marine fishes. J. Evol. Biol. 28(5):1080-1090. (Ref. 104901) Pihu, E.0 Loomade elu 4. köide. Kalad. Pihu, E. 1979. Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) Feitosa, C.V., M.E. Araújo and B.P. Ferreira0 Estimates on age, growth and mortality of the French angelfish <i>Pomacanthus paru</i> (Bloch, 1787) (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) in the southwestern Atlantic. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33(3):409-414. (Ref. 118244) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Feitosa, C.V., S. Marques, M.E. de Araújo and B.P. Ferreira0 Reproduction of French angelfish <i>Pomacanthus paru</i> (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) and implications for management of the ornamental fish trade in Brazil. Marine and Freshwater Research 67(5):586-593. (Ref. 127626) Bennema, F.P. and G.W.N.M. Van Moorsel0 16. Reef fishes. pp. 63-76. In Hoeksema, B.W. (ed.): Marine biodiversity of Bonaire: a baseline survey. Preliminary results of the Bonaire Marine Biodiversity Expedition. 2nd edition. Naturalis Biodiversity Center and ANEMOON Foundation, Leiden and Bennebroek. (Ref. 128317) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Chapman, M.R. and D.L. Kramer0 Movements of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in Barbados. Environ. Biol. Fish. 57:11-24. (Ref. 129542) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Petit-Marty, N., M. Vázquez-Luis and I.E. Hendriks0 Use of the nucleotide diversity in COI mitochondrial gene as an early diagnostic of conservation status of animal species. Conserv. Lett. 14(1):1-7. (Ref. 138103) FB-pic-1118-2527 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 2008-07-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Popar_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Popar_u1.jpg FB-pic-1118-2612 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-17 1996-11-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Popar_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Popar_u2.jpg FB-pic-1118-10931 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-04-21 1997-05-12 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Popar_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Popar_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults are common in shallow reefs usually in pairs, often near sea fans (Ref. 9710). They feed on sponges, algae, bryozoans, zoantharians, gorgonians and tunicates (Ref. 9626). Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Spawning pairs are strongly territorial, with usually both members vigorously defending their areas against neighboring pairs (Ref. 38726). Juveniles tend cleaning stations where they service a broad range of clients, including jacks, snappers, morays, grunts, surgeonfishes, and wrasses. At the station the cleaner displays a fluttering swimming and when cleaning it touches the clients with its pelvic fins (Ref. 40094). Flesh considered good quality; marketed fresh (Ref. 3797). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35419). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2001-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Black, the scales of the body , except those at front from nape to abdomen, rimmed with golden yellow; a broad orange-yellow bar at pectoral absent; dorsal filament yellow; chin whitish; outer part of iris yellow; eye narrowly rimmed below with blue (Ref. 13442) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Morphology-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-21 00:00:00 2001-11-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29 - 31; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 22 - 24 Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Distribution-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-04-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bahamas to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: off Ascension Island (Ref. 7379) and St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121). Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-Uses-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Allen, G.R. 1985 Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858) FB-LifeCycle-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1118&StockCode=1134 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription This species manifests apparent permanent pairing and monogamy. During most of the observation period, a single pair swam slowly in a side-to-side orientation at a height of 25 to 75 cm above the reef. No conspicuous courtship displays were evident, nor was there any evidence of sexual identity, i.e., the female was not obviously swollen with eggs. Shortly after sunset, the pair ascended in a broad, shallow arc off the bottom, traversing approximately 7 to 10 m while ascending to a height of 2 to 3 m. As the pair ascended, each angled its body slightly, with their venters in close proximity, if not actually touching. This position was held throughout the peak of the arc, with the pair diverging on the descent. Other pairs in the area were seen making similar arcing movements elsewhere on the reef at approximately the same time. It was difficult to see if there were gametes released in the event. There was no interference between pairs during spawning. Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884). Moyer, J.T., R.E. Thresher and P.L. Colin 1983 Courtship, spawning and inferred social organization of American angelfishes (genera <i>Pomacanthus, Holacanthus</i> and <i>Centropyge</i>: Pomacanthidae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 9(1):25-39. (Ref. 38726) FB-TrophicStrategy-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-06 00:00:00 2008-07-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public paru http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Common in shallow reefs. Usually in pairs, often near sea fans (Ref. 9710). Feed on sponges, algae, bryozoans, zoantharians, gorgonians and tunicates (Ref. 9626). Browser fish (Ref. 33499). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 41.1 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9626)); max. reported age: 27 years (Ref. 118244) Cervigón, F. 1993 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626) Feitosa, C.V., M.E. Araújo and B.P. Ferreira 2017 Estimates on age, growth and mortality of the French angelfish <i>Pomacanthus paru</i> (Bloch, 1787) (Teleostei: Pomacanthidae) in the southwestern Atlantic. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 33(3):409-414. (Ref. 118244) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1118 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-11-20 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1118 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size reef-associated; non-migratory (Ref. 52884); marine; depth range 3 - 100 m (Ref. 7379) Whiteman, E.A. and I.M. Côté 2004 Monogamy in marine fishes. Biol. Rev. 79:351-375. (Ref. 52884) Maugé, L.A. 1990 Pomacanthidae. p. 841. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon, SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7379)