FB-112 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=112 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Scombriformes Scombridae Sarda Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881) Karan-kita Alumahang baleg Alumahang malaki Kabalyas Smach Talal Kanagurta Cavala Cavala-do-Indico Hukoti Mbofula Tsala Indiese makriel Langkaak-makriel Baagha Bagha Dhela'a Garfa Jerfa Karuga Khadhra Rumahan laki Sardeena Bulau Burao Burau Buraw Nga-atpon Nga-gongree Nga-nyoe Pa-la-tu Shan-pa-du Aloman Alumahan Anduhao Anduhaw Ayumangan Bulao Kapisnon Indisk dværgmakrel Großmaul-Makrele Chub mackerel Indian mackerel Longjaw mackerel Long-jawed mackerel Mackerel Mouth mackerel Rake gillat mackerel Rake-gilled mackerel Striped mackerel Striped makerel Kanagurti troopikamakrell Kanagurt-troopikamakrell Salala salala bitubitu Salala ni cakau Maquereau de l'Indo-Pacifique Maquereau des Indes Maquereau indien Marquereau doux Bangada બંગડા אגידן \מקרל הודי Bangadi Gurukuma Saba Bangada Bangadei Bangda ಬಾಂಗ್ ಡ ಬಾಂಗಾಡಿ  Bangada Ayala Ayila Ayla അയല അയ്ല  അയ്ല   അയില ഐല Bangada Kaula gedar Kaulagedar काउळागीदार बांगदा Banjar Borek Kedah Kembong Kembong laki Kembung Kembung borek Kembung hitam Kembung jantan Kembung lelaki Kembunglelaki Kuala muda Laki Mabong Pelaling Rumahan Rumahan (Brunei) Temenong Temenong borek Indijskaya okeanicheskaya skumbriya Kanagurta Makrelchab Odnoglachaya makrel Polosataya makrel Ga Oibia gedar Jaydar-dhiiglow Bangra Kibua Machogololi Oona Ailai Augalai Kanangeluthi Karung kuluttan Kumala Kumbala Kumla அகலை கானன்கெளுத்தீ கானாங் கெழுத்தி குமலா கும்லா கும்லா  Kamangadachalu Kanagurta Kannangadatha కనాగుర్త  కన్నాన్ గడత  కన్నాన్ గడత   కామన్ గడచాలు   Alumahan Kabayas Lumahan Pla lung Pla mong Pla thu Pla thu mong Tu ปลาโม่ง ปลาทู ปลาทูโม่ง ปลาลัง Uskumru balığı Cá bac ma Cá Bạc má Cá be lau Cá nung nuc Trey kamong Caballa de la India Aguma-a Ailai Alumahan dakkel Alumahan malaki Andohaw Anduhan Banyara Bulao-bulao Buyaw Bunatan Caraballas Dayaya Galung-gung Gutob Hanale Hasa-hasa Indijska pritlikava lokarda Juama Karapaka Karung kuluttan Kumbala Kumbalava Lumahan Lumahan bato Maha kara bolla Mahaloky Makro dou Marotaolana Mataan Mbasi nguruguru Rumaga Salimburau Salimburaw Sambouto Skoumpri Indias Tamarang Tettal Trey kamong Σκουμπρί Iνδίας 短翅羽鰓鮐 短翅羽鳃鲐 羽鰓鮐 羽鳃鲐 Fa kau 金带花鲭 金帶花鯖 铁甲 Rastelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rasteltiger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rastreliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rastrelliger brachysoma (non Bleeker, 1851) Rastrelliger canagurta (Cuvier, 1829) Rastrelliger chrysozonus (Rüppell, 1836) Rastrelliger kanagugurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rastrelliger loo (Lesson, 1829) Rastrelliger microlepidotus (Rüppell, 1836) Rastrelliger serventyi Whitley, 1944 Rastrelliger tanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rastrellinger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Rastrilleger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) Scomber canagurta Cuvier, 1829 Scomber chrysozonus Rüppell, 1836 Scomber delphinalis Cuvier, 1832 Scomber kanagurta Cuvier, 1816 Scomber lepturus Agassiz, 1874 Scomber loo Lesson, 1829 Scomber microlepidotus Rüppell, 1836 Scomber moluccensis Bleeker, 1856 Scomber reani Day, 1871 Scomber uam Montrouzier, 1857 1990-10-17 2008-09-12 Collette, B.B. and C.E. 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Cada 1993-07-01 2008-06-25 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rakan_u0.gif FB-pic-111-13390 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1997-02-17 2010-07-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rakan_u1.jpg FB-pic-111-19112 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1999-02-14 1999-02-14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Rakan_u1.gif FB-pic-111-21222 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2000-09-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration 14-17 Feb. 1977 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rakan_u3.jpg FB-pic-111-21223 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2000-09-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rakan_u4.jpg FB-pic-111-21224 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1999-05-21 2000-09-17 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u5.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rakan_u5.jpg Locality: Batu Nampar, Lombok, Indonesia. FB-pic-111-44528 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Information Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences 2006-04-10 2006-04-10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Rakan_u7.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Rakan_u7.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2016-10-03 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-DiagnosticDescr-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2013-05-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Head longer than body depth. Maxilla partly concealed, covered by lachrymal bone but extending to about hind margin of eye. Bristles on longest gill raker 105 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 140 in 16 cm, and 160 in 19 cm fork length specimens. A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin. Interpelvic process small and single. Swim bladder present. Anal spine rudimentary.Description: Characterized further by silvery body color with several dark stripes on upper half side, upper ones breaking into spots posteriorly; whole body covered by scales, those at anterior part larger but not developed as a corselet; moderately compressed body; large mouth, maxilla extending posterior to rear margin of eye; very small teeth in jaws, none on vomer or palatines (Ref. 90102). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Morphology-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2013-05-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Distribution-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-01-11 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to the Ryukyu Islands and China, south to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa. Entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Uses-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2016-10-03 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: occasionally; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Lewis, A.D., B.R. Smith and C.P. Ellway 1983 A guide to the common tuna baitfishes of the South Pacific Commission area. South Pacific Commission, Handbook No. 23, Noumea, New Caledonia. FB-Migration-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2016-10-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2024-02-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public kanagurta http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Juveniles feed on phytoplankton (e.g., diatoms) and small zooplankton such as cladoceran, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc. With growth, they gradually change their dietary habits, a process that is reflected in the relative shortening of the intestine (Ref. 30531). Pelagic migratory fish. Prefers open but protected coastal waters. Shoaling species. Juveniles feed on diatoms, Diplostraca, and Ostracoda, while adults feed on macroplankton, larval shrimp and fish (Ref. 9773). Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Size-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2016-10-03 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 36.0 cm (male/unsexed; (Ref. 111654)); 42.1 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 859.0 g; max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 168) Kakati, V.S. and N.C. Gowda 1999 Record-sized mackarel, <i>Rastrelliger Kanagurta</i> caught from Karwar waters on the West Coast of India. Indian Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 41(1&2):133-134. (Ref. 111654) Kakati, V.S. and N.C. Gowda 1999 Record-sized mackarel, <i>Rastrelliger Kanagurta</i> caught from Karwar waters on the West Coast of India. Indian Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 41(1&2):133-134. (Ref. 111654) Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-111-600 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-15 00:00:00 2002-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=111&StockCode=125 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Eyelavera Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-111-515 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2002-11-15 00:00:00 2002-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=111&StockCode=125 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Lecithocladium Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 26129) FB-Diseases-111-603 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-04-09 00:00:00 2003-04-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=111&StockCode=125 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Pseudoanthocotyle Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Arthur, J.R. and A.B.A. Ahmed 2002 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. (Ref. 42533) FB-Habitat-111 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2016-10-03 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=111 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 20 - 90 m (Ref. 12260) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Pauly, D., A. Cabanban and F.S.B. Torres Jr. 1996 Fishery biology of 40 trawl-caught teleosts of western Indonesia. p. 135-216. In D. Pauly and P. Martosubroto (eds.) Baseline studies of biodiversity:the fish resource of western Indonesia. ICLARM Studies and Reviews 23. (Ref. 12260)