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	<dc:identifier>FB-11218</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11218</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Tetraodontiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Tetraodontidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Torquigener</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Torquigener pallimaculatus Hardy, 1983</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Abyssal smooth-head</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>銼櫛平頭魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>锉栉平头鱼</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Bathytroctes nasutus Koefoed, 1927</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-06-10</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=11219'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4460&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and Y.I. Sazanov0 Alepocephalidae. p. 246-264. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4460)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4736&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and J.-C. Quéro0 Alepocephalidae (including Bathylaconidae, Bathyprionidae). p. 228-253. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4736)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27768&amp;speccode=11219'>Rass, T.S.0 Deep-sea fish in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (the American Mediterranean Region). p. 509-526. In Symposium on Investigations and Resources of the Caribbean Sea and Adjacent Regions. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 27768)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=11219'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=11219'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='972-9340-92-7.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35204&amp;speccode=11219'>Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros0 Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. 244 p. (Ref. 35204)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35509&amp;speccode=11219'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38717&amp;speccode=11219'>Sazonov, Y.I. and D.F. Markle0 Alepocephalidae. Slickheads. p. 1888-11893. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 38717)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=11219'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40643&amp;speccode=11219'>Haedrich, R.L. and N.R. Merrett0 Summary atlas of deep-living demersal fishes in the North Atlantic Basin. J. Nat. Hist. 22:1325-1362. (Ref. 40643)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43180&amp;speccode=11219'>Sazonov, Y.I.0 Three rare species of slickheads (Alepocephalidae), found for the first time in the Indian ocean, with remarks about the status of &lt;i&gt;Microphotolepis schimdti&lt;/i&gt;. J. Ichthyol. 35(6):130-139. (Ref. 43180)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46118&amp;speccode=11219'>Merrett, N.R.0 Demersal ichthyofaunal distribution in the abyssal eastern North Atlantic, with special reference to &lt;i&gt;Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus&lt;/i&gt; (Macrouridae). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 72(1):5-24. (Ref. 46118)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51024&amp;speccode=11219'>Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.)0 Supplement. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. p.339-394. In J.-C. Hureau and Th. Monod (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean.United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France. Vols 1-2. 683 p. (Ref. 51024)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57327&amp;speccode=11219'>Ocean Biogeographic Information System0 &lt;i&gt;Rinoctes nasutus&lt;/i&gt; Data Extent Map (from OBIS Australia/ C Square Mapper). (data sourced from MAR-ECO (EUROBIS), FishBase DiGIR Provider-Philippine Server, The Deepwater Program: Northern Gulf of Mexico Continental Slope Habitat and Benthic Ecology-DgoMB: Fish, Southampton Oceanography Center Discovery Collections Midwater Database, Atlantic Reference Centre (OBIS Canada)). Retrieved August 28, 2006 at www.iobis.org. (Ref. 57327)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=11219'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=75549&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83882&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=90062&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=95632&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=101110&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=115257&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=116654&amp;speccode=11219'>Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118272&amp;speccode=11219'>FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128216&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and N.R. Merrett0 The abyssal alepocephalid, &lt;i&gt;Rinoctes nasutus&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Salmoniformes), a redescription and an evaluation of its systematic position. J. Zool. Lond. 190:225-239. (Ref. 128216)</reference><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-GeneralDescr-11219</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11219</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Abyssal, mostly found below 3,650 m; locally frequent, somewhat gregarious.  Feeds on engybenthic crustaceans, worms and sponges.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4736&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and J.-C. Quéro 1984 Alepocephalidae (including Bathylaconidae, Bathyprionidae). p. 228-253. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4736)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-11219</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-06-30 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11219</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses</subject>
	<dc:description>Eastern Atlantic:  south-west of Ireland, Azores Island, scattered records off Morocco and off Mauritania.  Western Atlantic:  Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 4736).  Probably occurring in the Western Central Pacific (Ref. 38717).  Reported from the Indian Ocean (Ref. 43180).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4736&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and J.-C. Quéro 1984 Alepocephalidae (including Bathylaconidae, Bathyprionidae). p. 228-253. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4736)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-11219</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11219</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: of no interest</dc:description>
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	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-11219</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-02-08 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2023-02-13 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>nasutus</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>Recorded from deep basins in the north Atlantic, at depths of 2000-4156 m.  Specimen collection from bottom trawls suggests benthic origins and tendencies to form groups (Ref. 128216).  Abyssal, mostly found below 3,650. Feeds on benthopelagic crustaceans, worms and sponges.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4736&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and J.-C. Quéro 1984 Alepocephalidae (including Bathylaconidae, Bathyprionidae). p. 228-253. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4736)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-11219</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11219</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>19.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4460))</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4460&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and Y.I. Sazanov 1990 Alepocephalidae. p. 246-264. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4460)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-11219</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Liza Q. Agustin</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-06-21 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-08-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11219</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>bathypelagic; marine; depth range 2000 - 4156 m (Ref. 4460), usually 3650 - ? m</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
	<thumbnailURL></thumbnailURL>
	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4460&amp;speccode=11219'>Markle, D.F. and Y.I. Sazanov 1990 Alepocephalidae. p. 246-264. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4460)</reference></dataObject>
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