FB-1153 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1153 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Scarus Scarus coeruleus (Edwards, 1771) Budião Budião-roxo Peixe-papagaio Blue tumbler Midnight parrotfish Midnight Parrotfish Nightowl parrot Scarld Öösinine papagoikala Perroquet noir Guacamaya negra Judio Loro de medianoche Loro negro Gutu pretu 紫鸚嘴魚 紫鹦嘴鱼 Pseudoscarus plumbeus Bean, 1912 Pseudoscarus simplex Poey, 1865 Scarus coelastinus Valenciennes, 1840 Scarus rostratus Poey, 1860 Scarus trispinosus (non Valenciennes, 1840) 1990-10-17 2024-08-12 Randall, J.E.0 Caribbean reef fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Ltd., The British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. 318 p. (Ref. 32) Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. 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U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, USA. pag. var. (Ref. 30426) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Pollnac, R.B.0 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141-199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445. (Ref. 35141) Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall0 An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Hardy, J.D. Jr. (comp.)0 Coral reef fish species. NOAANational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. USA. 537 p. (Ref. 48497) Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307) Nahím, H.R. and F. Cervigón0 Peces del archipiélago Los Roques. Agencia Española de Cooperacíon Internacional. 304 p. (Ref. 51848) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Westneat, M.W.0 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 1723-1739. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 52834) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in Bocas del Toro (Caribbean, Panamá): Gradients in habitat complexity and exposure. Caribbean J. Sci. 41(3):613-637. (Ref. 57616) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Erdman, D.S.0 Nombres vulgares de los peces en Puerto Rico (Common names of fishes in Puerto Rico). Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Technical report, vol 3. no. 2, second revised edition. 44 p. (Ref. 58971) McEachran, J.D. and J.D. Fechhelm0 Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 2. Austin : University of Texas Press. viii+1004p. (Ref. 78464) de Boer, B., D. Hoogerwerf, I. Kristensen and J. Post0 Antillean fish guide. STINAPA No. 7. Curaçao (Netherlands Antilles): Caribbean Marine Biological Institute. (Ref. 79544) Belize Tropical Research and Education Center0 Species lists. https://www.belizemarinetrec.com/links/ [Accessed 27/03/2025]. (Ref. 87232) de Moura, R.L. de, J.L. de Figueiredo and I. Sazima0 A new parrotfish (Scaridae) from Brazil, and revalidation of <i>Sparisoma amplum</i> (Ranzani, 1842), <i>Sparisoma frondosum</i> (Agassiz, 1831), <i>Sparisoma axillare</i> (Steindachner, 1878) and <i>Scarus trispinosus</i> Valenciennes, 1840. Bulletin of Marine Science 68(3):505-524. (Ref. 101646) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Jones, D.D., J.M. Rivera Hernández and V.R. Shervette0 Princess parrotfish <i>Scarus taeniopterus</i> age, growth, maturity, and transition. Environmental Biology of Fishes 104(5):581-595. (Ref. 130677) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1152-2007 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1994-12-27 2002-09-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sccoe_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sccoe_u0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Occurs from rocky coastal reefs to seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Often in schools, feeding with surgeonfishes by scraping off algae from rocks or dead coral (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). Parenti, P. and J.E. Randall 2000 An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyol. Bull. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. (68):1-97. (Ref. 35918) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-02-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats With blue-green teeth. Adults generally black or blue-black, with centers of scales and unscaled part of head bright blue, and blue band between eyes. Only large black or blue-black parrotfish in the Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Morphology-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-02-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11 Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Distribution-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-07-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), and Bahamas to French Guiana. Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Uses-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. FB-LifeCycle-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1152&StockCode=1168 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). García-Cagide, A., R. Claro and B.V. Koshelev 1994 Reproducción. p. 187-262. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Inst. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba. and Cen. Invest. Quintana Roo (CIQRO) México. (Ref. 26409) FB-TrophicStrategy-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-06 00:00:00 2007-10-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public coelestinus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Occurs from rocky coastal reefs to seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Feeding with surgeonfishes by scraping off algae from rocks or dead coral (Ref. 9710). Herbivore (Ref. 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 77.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 13628)); max. published weight: 7,000 g (Ref. 5217); max. reported age: 31 years (Ref. 130677) Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) Jones, D.D., J.M. Rivera Hernández and V.R. Shervette 2021 Princess parrotfish <i>Scarus taeniopterus</i> age, growth, maturity, and transition. Environmental Biology of Fishes 104(5):581-595. (Ref. 130677) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1152 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1152 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration reef-associated; marine; depth range 5 - 75 m (Ref. 9710), usually ? - 20 m Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)