FB-1161 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1161 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Scaridae Sparisoma Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788) Batata Bidião-boca-curta Bodião Budião Budião-batata Budião-papagaio Budião-verde Budião-vermelho Gudião Papagaio rabo amarelo Papagaio-rabo-amarelo Peixe-papagaio Red fin parrot fish Redfin parrot Redfin Parrotfish Redfin parrotfish Roughscale kwob Roughscale parrot Yellowtail parrot Yellowtail parrotfish Punauim-aarakala Punauim-spariosoom Perroquet basto Jabón Loro Aietirojo Loro aletirojo Loro basto Loro coliamarilla Loro pardo Bedja Bidião Bodião Bulhão congo 紅鰭鸚鯛 红鳍鹦鲷 Scarus brachyvarius Longley, 1941 Scarus rubripinnis Valenciennes, 1840 Scarus spinidens (non Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Scarus truncatus Poey, 1868 Sparisoma flavescens (non Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Sparisoma pachycephalum Longley, 1941 Sparisoma rhomaleum Meek & Hildebrand, 1928 Sparisoma rubripinnis (Valenciennes, 1840) 1990-10-17 2005-09-06 Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174. (Ref. 276) Pauly, D.0 A preliminary compilation of fish length growth parameters. Ber. Inst. Meereskd. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. Kiel (55):1-200. (Ref. 312) Randall, J.E.0 Tagging reef fishes in the Virgin Islands. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 14:201-241. (Ref. 716) Reeson, P.H.0 The biology, ecology and bionomics of the parrotfishes, Scaridae. p. 166-177. In J.L. Munro (ed.) Caribbean coral reef fishery resources.ICLARM Stud. Rev. 7. (Ref. 3191) Gobert, B.0 Relative production of coastal fisheries in Martinique. Aquat. Living Resour. 3:181-191. (Ref. 3229) Randall, J.E.0 Scaridae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 4. pag.var. (Ref. 3802) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez0 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217) Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin0 Fishes of the Bahamas and adjacent tropical waters. 2nd edition. 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Clavijo0 Mass spawning by the spotted goatfish, <i>Pseudupeneus maculatus</i> (Bloch) (Pisces: Mullidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 28(4):780-782. (Ref. 13757) Ogden, J.C., J.A. Yntema and I. Clavijo0 An annotated list of the fishes of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Spec. Publ. No. 3. (Ref. 26180) Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M. Louis0 Les poissons des formations corallienes de la Martinique. Ann. Inst. Océanogr., Paris 62(2):251-270. (Ref. 26252) Claro, R.0 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) García-Cagide, A., R. Claro and B.V. Koshelev0 Reproducción. p. 187-262. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Inst. Oceanol. Acad. Cienc. Cuba. and Cen. Invest. Quintana Roo (CIQRO) México. (Ref. 26409) Silva, M.0 Especies identificadas en las pesquerias costeras artesanales del Suroeste de la Republica Dominica. Reportes del Propescar-Sur: contribuciones al conocimiento de las pesquerías en la República Dominicana. Vol. 1, 47p. (Ref. 27620) Robertson, D.R. and R.R. Warner0 Sexual patterns in the labroid fishes of the western Caribbean II: the parrotfishes (Scaridae). Smith. Contr. Zool. 255:1-26. (Ref. 27876) Randall, J.E.0 Randall's underwater photos. Collection of almost 2,000 underwater photos (slides). Unpublished. (Ref. 28620) Olsen, D.A., D.W. Nellis and R.S. Wood0 Ciguatera in the Eastern Caribbean. Mar. Fish. Rev. 46(1):13-18. (Ref. 30303) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Ramjohn, D.D.0 Checklist of coastal and marine fishes of Trinidad and Tobago. Marine Fishery Analysis Unit, Fisheries Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Marine Resources, Trinidad and Tobago. Fisheries Information Series 8, 151 p. (Ref. 33407) Bauchot, M.-L. and M. Blanc0 Poissons Marins de l'Est Atlantique tropical. Téléostéens Perciformes. II. Percoidei. Atlantide Report 6:43-101. (Ref. 34607) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Pollnac, R.B.0 Aspects of the human ecology of the coral reefs of Discovery Bay. p. 141-199. In R.B. Pollnac (ed.) Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs. Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island. CMR 2205, ICLARM 1445. (Ref. 35141) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Intitut fur Seefischerei (ISH). BIOLAB Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany. (Ref. 35509) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Rosa, R.S.0 Lista sistemática de peixes marinhosda Paraíba (Brasil). Rev. Nordest. Biol. 3(2):205-226. (Ref. 39024) Gasparini, J.L. and S.R. Floeter0 The shore fishes of Trindade Island, western South Atlantic. J. Nat. Hist. 35:1639-1656. (Ref. 40849) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. 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(Ref. 49651) Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus0 An annotated key to the teleost fishes of Puerto Rico. Compendio Enciclopedico de los Recursos Nat. 5:1-191. (Ref. 50307) Nahím, H.R. and F. Cervigón0 Peces del archipiélago Los Roques. Agencia Española de Cooperacíon Internacional. 304 p. (Ref. 51848) Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299) Westneat, M.W.0 Scaridae. Parrotfishes. p. 1723-1739. In K.E. Carpenter (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. (Ref. 52834) Claro, R. and L.R. Parenti0 The marine ichthyofauna of Cuba. p. 21-57. In Claro, R., K.C. Lindeman and L.R. Parenti (eds) Ecology of the marine fishes of Cuba. Smithsonian Institution Press, Wahsington and London. 253p. (Ref. 54206) Allsop, D.J. and S.A. West0 Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. J. Evol. Biol. 16(2003):921-929. (Ref. 55367) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Belize Tropical Research and Education Center0 Species lists. https://www.belizemarinetrec.com/links/ [Accessed 27/03/2025]. (Ref. 87232) Rocha, L.A., A. Brito and D.R. Robertson0 <i>Sparisoma choati</i>, a new species of Parrotfish (Labridae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic. Zootaxa 3152:61-67. (Ref. 88982) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu0 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Harborne, A.0 Fish and coral species lists compiled by Coral Cay Conservation: Belize 1990-1998. Coral Cay Conservation, 26p. (Ref. 128811) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1160-2641 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1996-11-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sprub_j0.jpg FB-pic-1160-2642 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1999-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sprub_u2.jpg FB-pic-1160-2643 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 1996-11-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sprub_u3.jpg FB-pic-1160-2644 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-18 2012-02-02 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_m0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Sprub_m0.jpg FB-pic-1160-14701 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_f0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sprub_f0.gif FB-pic-1160-14703 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_m0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sprub_m0.gif FB-pic-1160-14704 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-05-13 1997-05-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Sprub_m1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Sprub_m1.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Inhabits coral reefs and seagrass beds. Juveniles or primary-phase fish can rapidly assume a mottled pattern as it comes to rest on the bottom. Spawning is usually a group activity in similarly colored males and females (Ref. 5521). A protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-04-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration Juveniles and adults in drab phase (which are either mature males or females) are light grayish brown, nearly white ventrally; alternate dark and pale bars cross the chin; caudal peduncle and fin yellow; anal and pelvic fins red. Terminal phase males are dull green or blue-green with a large black spot on upper half of pectoral fin base; pectoral fins dark olive, the outer fifth abruptly pale (Ref. 13442). Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Morphology-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-12-19 00:00:00 2001-04-03 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Distribution-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Western Atlantic and the Caribbean. Confused with Southwest Atlantic specimens referring to Sparisoma axillare and Eastern Atlantic species referring to S. chaoti (Ref. 88982). Rocha, L.A., A. Brito and D.R. Robertson 2012 <i>Sparisoma choati</i>, a new species of Parrotfish (Labridae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic. Zootaxa 3152:61-67. (Ref. 88982) FB-Uses-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial; price category: high; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family Cervigón, F. and W. Fischer 1979 INFOPESCA. Catálogo de especies marinas de interes economico actual o potencial para América Latina. Parte 1. Atlántico centro y suroccidental. FAO/UNDP, SIC/79/1. 372 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 6077) Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunziker III 1990 Dr. Burgess's atlas of marine aquarium fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune City, New Jersey. 768 p. (Ref. 9210) FB-LifeCycle-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1160&StockCode=1176 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Although protogyny was propossed for this species (Ref. 27876), probably because testicular characteristics showed a secondary characteristic of sex-changed males, observations of overlapping size ranges of males and females, and males maturing at the same ages and sizes as did females, strongly suggest gonochorism (Ref. 103751). A monandric species (Ref. 55367). Length at sex change = 25.0 cm TL (Ref. 55367). Forms leks during breeding (Ref. 55367). Sadovy de Mitcheson, Y. and M. Liu 2008 Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts. Fish Fish. 9(1):1-43. (Ref. 103751) FB-TrophicStrategy-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-07 00:00:00 2012-01-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public rubripinne http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Inhabits coral reefs and seagrass beds. Juveniles or primary-phase fish can rapidly assume a mottled pattern as it comes to rest on the bottom. Herbivore (Ref. 57616). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. FB-Size-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 47.8 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 13628)) Cervigón, F. 1994 Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 3. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 295 p. (Ref. 13628) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1160 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 9710) Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. (Ref. 9710)