FB-11675 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11675 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Pleuronectiformes Bothidae Arnoglossus Arnoglossus waitei Norman, 1926 Blue flounder Bluespotted flounder Chain-mail flounder Chain-mail wide-eyed flounder Cá bơn a-zu 双带缨鲆 扁鱼 皇帝鱼 雙帶纓鮃 青纓鮃 青缨鲆 Crossorhombus valderostratus (non Alcock, 1890) Rhomboidichthys azureus Alcock, 1889 1994-07-04 2005-07-24 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Sainsbury, K.J., P.J. Kailola and G.G. Leyland0 Continental shelf fishes of the northern and north-western Australia. An illustrated guide. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research; Clouston & Hall and Peter Pownall Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia. 375 p. (Ref. 3131) Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. and P.J. Kailola0 Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia, and German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Federal Republic of Germany. 407 p. (Ref. 5978) Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka0 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824) De Bruin, G.H.P., B.C. Russell and A. Bogusch0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Rome, FAO. 400 p. (Ref. 11298) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Special Publication, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p. (Ref. 26282) Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok0 Marine fish fauna in Hong Kong waters. Zool. Stud. 38(2):130-152. (Ref. 31075) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Fukui, A.0 Early ontogeny and systematics of Bothidae, Pleuronectoidei. Bull. Mar. Sci. 60(1):192-212. (Ref. 33184) Li, S. and H. Wang0 Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes. Pleuronectiformes. 433p. Fauna Sinica series. Beijing: Science Press. (Ref. 33837) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka0 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 42535) Huang, Z.0 Marine species and their distribution in China's seas. p. 404-463. Vertebrata. Smithsonian Institution, Florida, USA. 598 p. (Ref. 47843) Chen, C.-H.0 Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. (Ref. 55073) Nghia, N.V.0 Fishes of Viet Nam. Unpublished compilation of Nguyen Viet Nghia. (Ref. 55784) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen0 Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing, 2178 p. (Ref. 75154) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) Patzner, R.A.0 Reproductive strategies of fish. pp. 311-350. In Rocha, M.J., A. Arukwe and B.G. Kapoor (eds). Fish reproduction: cytology, biology and ecology. Science Publisher, Inc. Oxford. 631 p. (Ref. 101194) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Leung, A.W.Y.0 The epibenthic ichthyofauna of Tolo Harbour and Hong Kong's northeastern waters: a long term record of change. pp. 463-487 In B. Morton (ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China IV, Proceedings of the Eight International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 2-20 April 1995. Hong Kong University Press. (Ref. 126271) FB-pic-11676-11867 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-08-30 1997-04-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Crazu_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Crazu_u0.gif FB-pic-11676-11868 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-08-30 1997-04-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Crazu_u1.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Crazu_u1.gif FB-pic-11676-37251 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2003-04-10 2005-07-28 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Crazu_u2.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Crazu_u2.gif FB-GeneralDescr-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-07-04 00:00:00 2005-07-24 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Lives on mud bottoms and feeds on bottom-living animals (Ref. 9824). Sexually dimorphic characters develop at about 6 cm SL (Ref. 9824). Sainsbury, K.J., P.J. Kailola and G.G. Leyland 1985 Continental shelf fishes of the northern and north-western Australia. An illustrated guide. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research; Clouston & Hall and Peter Pownall Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia. 375 p. (Ref. 3131) FB-DiagnosticDescr-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-08-26 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Ground colour on eyed side brownish grey, with darker spots and blotches. Fins paler than body, dorsal and anal fins with small dark spots, caudal fin with 2 distinct dark bands. Males with small dark spots in anterior part of interorbital region. Blind side whitish in females. Males with distinct bluish black pyriform colour pattern on blind side. Body ovoid, its depth 1.7 to 2 times in SL. Head small, snout shorter than eye, profile steep anterior to interorbital area. Head length 3.3 to 4.5 times in SL. Interorbital region broad and concave, wider in males than females in specimens greater than about 6 cm SL. Males with a rostral spine and 1 to 3 low bony bumps around orbits. Both eyes on left side of head, front margin of upper eye slightly behind front margin of lower eye. Both eyes in males larger than about 6 cm SL with a flap on posterior area. Mouth small, reaching to or slightly beyond anterior margin of lower eye, length of upper jaw 3.1 to 4.3 times in head length. Teeth in upper jaw biserial, teeth of outer row more widely spaced than teeth of inner row; teeth in lower jaw uniserial. Gill rakers short and pointed. Scales on eyed side with long ctenii. Pectoral fin on eyed side with 11 to 14 rays, its length 1.3 to 1.6 times in head length in both sexes. Pectoral fin on blind side with 9 to 12 rays (Ref 42535). Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 42535) FB-Morphology-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Sheryl Yap 2004-08-26 00:00:00 2005-01-24 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Dorsal soft rays (total): 84 - 92; Analsoft rays: 63 - 74 Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 42535) FB-Distribution-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-07-04 00:00:00 2025-01-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal, northwestern Australia, South China Sea, China, Taiwan, Japan, Viet Nam, and Aru Islands, Indonesia. Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824) FB-Uses-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-07-04 00:00:00 2005-07-24 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: of no interest Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824) FB-TrophicStrategy-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-12-20 00:00:00 2000-12-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public azureus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Lives on mud bottoms and feeds on bottom-living animals. Sainsbury, K.J., P.J. Kailola and G.G. Leyland 1985 Continental shelf fishes of the northern and north-western Australia. An illustrated guide. CSIRO Division of Fisheries Research; Clouston & Hall and Peter Pownall Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia. 375 p. (Ref. 3131) FB-Size-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-07-04 00:00:00 2005-07-24 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Migration 18.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9824)) Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-11676 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-07-04 00:00:00 2005-07-24 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=11676 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy demersal; marine; depth range 13 - 60 m (Ref. 9824) Hensley, D.A. and K. Amaoka 2001 Bothidae. Lefteye flounders. p. 3799-3841. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9824)