FB-1209 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1209 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Serranoidei Epinephelidae Mycteroperca Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860) Granik bialoplamy Badejo branco Cerigado-cherne Cerigado-tapoã Cherna Cherna preta Cherna-preto Cherne Cherne pintado Cherne tapoan Chernete Chernote Garoupa Mero-preto Serigado-cherne Serigado-tapoan Seabass Snowy grouper Spotted grouper Mérou neige Lokos Yukihoshihata гроупер снежный Cherna manchada Cherna pintada Cherne manchada Cherne pintada Manchada Mero Mero gallina 雪花石斑魚 雪花石斑鱼 Alphestes scholanderi Walters, 1957 Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) Hyporthodus flavicauda Gill, 1861 Serranus conspersus Poey, 1860 Serranus margaritifer Günther, 1859 Serranus niveatus Valenciennes, 1828 1990-10-17 2024-01-15 Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1208-7209 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-01-11 1996-05-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epniv_j0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epniv_j0.gif FB-pic-1208-7213 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-01-11 1996-05-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epniv_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Epniv_u0.gif FB-pic-1208-49067 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2008-06-18 2009-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Epniv_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Epniv_u3.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Ref. 5222). Valuable commercial food fish (Ref. 26938). Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings 2007 A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 Distinguished by the following characteristics: Dark margin on spiny dorsal fin and dark saddle on caudal peduncle that extends below lateral line (Ref. 26938); juveniles with pale yellow caudal and pectoral fins; black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle reaching below lateral line; depth of body contained 2.4-2.8 times in SL; head length 2.2-2.4 times in SL; convex interorbital area, width less than or subequal to eye diameter; enlarged serrae at angle of preopercle; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; posterior nostrils 2-5 times larger than anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Morphology-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rodolfo B. Reyes 1994-06-13 00:00:00 2013-10-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 15; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Distribution-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to southern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Uses-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) IGFA 2009 Database of IGFA angling records until 2009. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. FB-LifeCycle-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Daniel Pauly 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1208&StockCode=1224 The size (76.7-109 cm) and age (8-29 yr) of 97 male specimens and the capture of two specimens undergoing sex change provided conclusiveevidence that snowy grouper are protogynous hermaphrodites (Ref. 45886). Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-TrophicStrategy-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2000-10-20 00:00:00 2000-10-20 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public niveatus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults occur well offshore on rocky bottoms. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the U.S. Adults feed on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) FB-Size-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses 122 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340)); max. published weight: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5222); max. reported age: 27 years (Ref. 3090) Claro, R. 1994 Características generales de la ictiofauna. p. 55-70. In R. Claro (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. (Ref. 26340) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Manooch, C.S. III 1987 Age and growth of snappers and groupers. p. 329-373. In J.J. Polovina and S. Ralston (eds.) Tropical snappers and groupers: biology and fisheries management. Ocean Resour. Mar. Policy Ser. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder and London. (Ref. 3090) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1208 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2024-08-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1208 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size demersal; marine; depth range 30 - 525 m (Ref. 5222), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222) Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall 1993 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)