FB-12219 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12219 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Siluriformes Loricariidae Pterygoplichthys Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner, 1854) Itoui cavalo Ituí cavalo Hvidpandet elektroål Amerikanischer Weißstirn Messerfisch Apteronotid eel Black ghost Must niitselgkala Mustaveitsikala Poisson-couteau Chernaya nozhetelka Anguila Caballo cheroga Cuchillo caballo morena negra Bloblo Bobo Oulouwipila 線翎電鰻 线翎电鳗 Apteronotus passan Lacepède, 1800 Gymnotus albifrons Linnaeus, 1766 Sternarchus albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) Sternarchus lacepedii Castelnau, 1855 Sternarchus maximilliani Castelnau, 1855 1994-08-10 2008-03-03 Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch0 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. (Ref. 1672) Hinegardner, R. and D.E. Rosen0 Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951):621-644. 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Loomade Elu, 4. Köide, Kalad. Valgus, Tallinn. (Ref. 105472) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 2. Personal communication (Ref. 116654) Saks, L.0 Estonian Common Names, Rank 4. Personal communication (Ref. 116655) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/>. Downloaded 10 Jan 2023. (Ref. 126983) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-10 00:00:00 2009-01-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12220 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Occurs in rapidly flowing waters of creeks with a sandy bottom. Is a micro-predator of insect larvae (Ref. 12225). Nocturnal. Possesses a weakly discharging neurogenic electric organ and ampullary electro receptors that are distributed from head to tail (Ref. 10011; 10841). Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari 1986 Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329) FB-Distribution-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-10 00:00:00 2023-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12220 South America: Venezuela to Paraguay and Paraná rivers. Also in the Amazon Basin of Peru (Ref. 6329). Planquette, P., P. Keith and P.-Y. Le Bail 1996 Atlas des poissons d'eau douce de Guyane. Tome 1. Collection du Patrimoine Naturel Volume 22, MNHN, Paris & INRA, Paris. 429 p. (Ref. 12225) FB-Uses-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-10 00:00:00 2009-01-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12220 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-TrophicStrategy-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Lilibeth Miranda 2001-11-06 00:00:00 2001-11-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ albifrons The fish swims backwards (reverse swimming) which is characteristic of two foraging behaviors: searching for prey and assessing it. In assessing a potential prey item, it typically scan the prey from tail to head by swimming backwards, then ingest it after a short forward lunge. A scan in the opposite direction - from head to tail by forward swimming - would have the prey located near the tail and out of position for the final lunge (Ref. 40007). Lannoo, M.J. and S.J. Lannoo 1993 Why do electric fishes swim backwards? An hypothesis based on gymnotiform foraging behavior interpreted through sensory constraints. Environ. Biol. Fishes 36(2):157-165. (Ref. 40007) FB-Size-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-10 00:00:00 2009-01-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12220 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 50.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 36886)) Albert, J.S. 2003 Apteronotidae (Ghost knifefishes). p. 497-502. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36886) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-12220-153 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-16 00:00:00 2003-09-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12220&StockCode=12546 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Fin Rot (early stage). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Habitat-12220 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1994-08-10 00:00:00 2009-01-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12220 benthopelagic; freshwater; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19