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(Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12305 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Used in behavioral studies (Ref. 4537). Aquarium keeping: in pairs; minimum aquarium size 60 cm (Ref. 51539). Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Distribution-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12305 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats South America: Orinoco River basin, in the llanos of Venezuela and Colombia. Kullander, S.O. 2003 Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377) FB-Uses-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12305 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Tom Froese 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Female cares for eggs and larvae (Ref. 47893. Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch 1991 Aquarien Atlas. Band. 1. Melle: Mergus, Verlag für Natur-und Heimtierkunde, Germany. 992 p. FB-Size-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12305 4.2 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-12305-733 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-11-17 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Bacterial Infections (general). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-4 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-23 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Cauliflower Disease. Viral diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-361 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-16 00:00:00 2003-09-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription False Fungal Infection (Apiosoma sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-12305-363 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-16 00:00:00 2003-12-09 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology False Fungal Infection (Epistylis sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-12305-1149 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-01 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Fish tuberculosis (FishMB). Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-372 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-16 00:00:00 2003-09-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 Fish tuberculosis. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-12305-360 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-07 00:00:00 2003-11-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Hole-in-the-Head Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-1161 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-16 00:00:00 2004-01-08 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Inbreeding Deformities. Others Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-1160 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-10-15 00:00:00 2003-12-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Internal Sporozoa Infection (general). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Diseases-12305-367 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-09-16 00:00:00 2003-10-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Pop-eye disease. Bacterial diseases Bassleer, G. 1997 Color guide of tropical fish diseases: on freshwater fish. Bassleer Biofish, Westmeerbeek, Belgium. 272 p. (Ref. 41805) FB-Diseases-12305-365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-12-16 00:00:00 2003-12-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=12305&StockCode=12631 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Sporozoa-infection (Myxobolus sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Bassleer, G. 2003 The new ilustrated guide to fish diseases in ornamental tropical and pond fish. Bassleer Biofish, Stationstraat 130, 2235 Westmeerbeek, Belgium, 1st Edition, 232 p. (Ref. 48502) FB-Habitat-12305 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1994-08-12 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12305 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution benthopelagic; non-migratory; freshwater; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 5 - 12