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	<dc:identifier>FB-12454</dc:identifier>
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	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Scorpaenidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Phenacoscorpius</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Phenacoscorpius nebris Eschmeyer, 1965</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Giant damselfish</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Chauffet ayanque</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Ayanque</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Castañuela gigante</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Damisela gigante</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Jaqueta gigante</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Posonga</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>長背小葉齒鯛</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>长背小叶齿鲷</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Hypsypops dorsalis Gill, 1862</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Microspathodon azurissimus Jordan &amp; Starks, 1895</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Microspathodon cinereus Gilbert, 1890</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pomacentrus quadrigutta Gill, 1862</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-29</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2020-10-07</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=12455'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5227&amp;speccode=12455'>Humann, P. and N. DeLoach0 Reef fish identification. Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida. 267 p. (Ref. 5227)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-88244-008-2.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7247&amp;speccode=12455'>Allen, G.R.0 Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)</reference>
	<reference isbn='3-89356-170-6.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9137&amp;speccode=12455'>Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen0 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9334&amp;speccode=12455'>Schneider, W. and F. Krupp0 Pomacentridae. Castañetas, jaquetas y petacas. p. 1392-1404. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9334)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10937&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=27736&amp;speccode=12455'>Escobar-Fernández, R. and M. Siri0 Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico. (Ref. 27736)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28023&amp;speccode=12455'>Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg0 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=12455'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=33624&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas. Centro Interdisiplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), La Paz, Mexico. (Ref. 33624)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38503&amp;speccode=12455'>Aburto-Oropeza, O., E. Sala and C. Sánchez-Ortiz0 Feeding behavior, habitat use, and abundance of the angelfish &lt;i&gt;Holacanthus passer&lt;/i&gt; (Pomacanthidae) in the southern Sea of Cortés. Environ. Biol. Fishes 57:435-442. (Ref. 38503)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=38732&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40003&amp;speccode=12455'>Montgomery, W.L. and S.D. Gerking0 Marine macroalgae as foods for fishes: an evaluation of potential food quality. Environ. Biol. Fishes 5(2):143-153. (Ref. 40003)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=40498&amp;speccode=12455'>Béarez, P.0 Lista de los peces marinos del Ecuador continental. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(2):731-741. (Ref. 40498)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41414&amp;speccode=12455'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=41880&amp;speccode=12455'>Okey, T.A. and S.A. Sheperd0 Demersal fish assemblages at two depths (6 and 13 m) on Isabela and Fernandina Islands, Galapagos. Program BIOMAR, Charles Darwin Research Station, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. 13p. Manuscript. (Ref. 41880)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1-888569-61-1' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52299&amp;speccode=12455'>Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea and J.D. Williams0 Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland. ix, 386 p. + 1 CD. (Ref. 52299)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52465&amp;speccode=12455'>Velte, F.0 Wie alt werden Riffbarsche?. Datz 57:26. (Ref. 52465)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=54166&amp;speccode=12455'>Hooker, Y.0 &lt;i&gt;Microspathodon dorsalis&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Pomacentridae) y &lt;i&gt;Prionurus laticlavius&lt;/i&gt; (Pisces: Acanthuridae), dos nuevos registros para el mar Peruano. Inf. Prog. Inst. Mar Peru (117):3-8. (Ref. 54166)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=56916&amp;speccode=12455'>Montgomery, W.L.0 The impact of non-selective grazing by the giant blue damselfish, &lt;i&gt;Microspathodon dorsalis&lt;/i&gt; on algal communities in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. 30:290-303. (Ref. 56916)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57615&amp;speccode=12455'>Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff0 Reef fish community structure in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (Panamá): living on a relatively stable rocky reef environment. Helgol. Mar. Res. 60:287-305. (Ref. 57615)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=12455'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58534&amp;speccode=12455'>Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen0 Biodiversity and living resources of the coral reef fishes in Vietnam marine waters. Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi. (Ref. 58534)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94512&amp;speccode=12455'>McCosker, J.E. and R.H. Rosenblatt0 The fishes of the Galápagos archipelago: An update. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 61[4(Suppl.2)]:167-195. (Ref. 94512)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=127348&amp;speccode=12455'>Grove, J.S., D.J. Long, D.R. Robertson and B.C. Victor0 List of fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador. J. Ocean Sci. Found. 39:14-22. (Ref. 127348)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=12455'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Adults inhabit rocky reefs, below the surf zone (Ref. 9334).  Feed mainly on low-profile, attached algae (Ref. 28023).  Defend both feeding and reproductive territories by driving off other fishes and divers who come too close (Ref. 28023).  Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).  Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205).  Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-88244-008-2.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7247&amp;speccode=12455'>Allen, G.R. 1991 Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 16;  Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 13 - 14</dc:description>
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	<dc:description>Eastern Pacific:  central Gulf of California to Malpelo Island (Colombia), including the Revillagigedo, Cocos and the Galapagos islands (Ref. 9334).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='3-88244-008-2.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=7247&amp;speccode=12455'>Allen, G.R. 1991 Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).  Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205).  Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=12455'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Inhabits rocky reefs, below the surf zone (Ref. 9334).  Feeds mainly on low-profile, attached algae (Ref. 28023).  Defends both feeding and reproductive territories by driving off other fishes and divers who come too close (Ref. 28023). Territorial herbivore that feeds on farmed turf-algae within their territories (Ref.  57615); and depends on a delicate, nutritionally rich food resource exhibiting low standing crop but very high productivity, example is red alga, Polysiphonia sp. (Ref. 56916).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=28023&amp;speccode=12455'>Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg 1997 The fishes of the Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 863 p. (Ref. 28023)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=52465&amp;speccode=12455'>Velte, F. 2004 Wie alt werden Riffbarsche?. Datz 57:26. (Ref. 52465)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title></dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-12455</dc:identifier>
	<dataType>http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text</dataType>
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	<agent homepage='https://sites.google.com/site/itsaboutfish/home#' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rodolfo B. Reyes</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1994-08-30 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-24 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12455</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 5 m (Ref. 9334)</dc:description>
	<mediaURL></mediaURL>
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	<location></location>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9334&amp;speccode=12455'>Schneider, W. and F. Krupp 1995 Pomacentridae. Castañetas, jaquetas y petacas. p. 1392-1404. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9334)</reference></dataObject>
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