FB-1248 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1248 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Myliobatiformes Dasyatidae Hypanus Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pilrokke Pilskate Ogoncza amerykanska Arraia Arraia-bico-de-remo Arraia-mijona Raia-cravadora Raia-lixa Raia-prego Pigrokke Pilrokke Vestatlantisk pigrokke Peitschenrochen Stechrochen Kit Southern stingray Southern Stingray Stingaree Stingray Whip stingray Ameerika astelrai Ruskokeihäsrausku Pastenague américaine Pastinaca Trigono Amerika-aka-ei хвостокол американский Siba zutulja Volina Stingrocka Västindisk spjutrocka Ignelivatoz Pastinaca Raya Raya americana Raya látigo Raya látigo americana Raya látigo blanca Raya verde Rayalatigo americana Rayalátigo americana Rayalátigo arrecifal Amerikaanse pijlstaartrog Chuchu rok Chuchu ròk Kerovay Pijlstaartrog Sálahi trygéna Stekelrog Trigóna 美洲魟 Dasyatis americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928 1990-10-17 2017-05-31 Randall, J.E.0 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. 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Legare0 Movements, foraging and habitat selection of southern stingrays (<i>Hypanus americanus</i>) in a tropical ecosystem altered by an invasive seagrass. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 309(108958):1-13. (Ref. 138002) FB-pic-1247-2549 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1995-01-16 2025-04-29 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Daame_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Daame_u0.jpg FB-pic-1247-49045 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Brandi Noble 2008-06-18 2009-07-30 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Daame_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Daame_u3.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found on sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, lagoons and the reef face (Ref. 12951). Common in bays and estuaries (Ref. 7251). Observed singly, in pairs and in aggregations (Ref. 12951). Buries in the sand during the day and forages at night, usually in seagrass beds (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on bivalves and worms and also takes shrimps, crabs and small fishes (Ref. 3168). Feeds by creating depressions in the sand to expose invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9710). Ovoviviparous, with 3-4 in a litter (Ref. 12951). May be found in cleaning stations where they are attended to by the bluehead wrasse and Spanish hogfish (Ref. 12951). Equipped with a well-developed serrated spine and capable of inflicting a painful laceration. Easily approached by divers (Ref. 9710). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Grace Tolentino Pablico 2001-01-11 00:00:00 2017-11-15 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Disk has sharp outer corners and irregular row of short spines on upper surface (Ref. 26938). Disk usually uniform dark brown above, grayer in young. Ventral finfold on tail long and high, dorsal finfold absent (Ref. 7251). Upper surface of disc gray, dark or olivaceous brown or olive green. Lower surface of disc white or whitish with an edging of gray or brown (Ref. 6902). Smith, C.L. 1997 National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. (Ref. 26938) FB-Distribution-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-11-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil, including the Antilles (Ref. 3168). Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray 1986 A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251) FB-Uses-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes Stehmann, M., J.D. McEachran and R. Vergara R. 1978 Dasyatidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3168) International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, USA. (Ref. 4699) FB-LifeCycle-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1247&StockCode=1263 Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Male mounts on female dorsally (Ref. 12951). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-04-04 00:00:00 2008-07-29 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public americanus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Found on sandy bottoms, seagrass beds, lagoons and the reef face (Ref. 12951). Common in bays and estuaries (Ref. 7251). Observed singly, in pairs and in aggregations (Ref. 12951). Buries in the sand during the day and forages at night, usually in seagrass beds (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on bivalves and worms and also takes shrimps, crabs and small fishes (Ref. 3168). Omnivore (Ref. 57616). Feeds by creating depressions in the sand to expose invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9710). Equipped with a well-developed serrated spine and capable of inflicting a painful laceration. Easily approached by divers (Ref. 9710). Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5:665-847. (Ref. 33) FB-Size-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats 200 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3168)); max. published weight: 135.6 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 28 years (Ref. 53968) Stehmann, M., J.D. McEachran and R. Vergara R. 1978 Dasyatidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3168) IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. (Ref. 40637) Cailliet, G.M. and K.J. Goldman 2004 Age determination and validation in chondricthyan fishes. p. 399-446. In J.C. Carrier, J.A. Musick and M.R. Heithaus (eds.) Biology of sharks and their relatives. CRC Press LLC. (Ref. 53968) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1247-910 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-28 00:00:00 2003-05-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1247&StockCode=1263 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Entobdella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Hargis, W.J. 1955 Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part V. The superfamily Capsaloidea. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 74(3):203-225. (Ref. 46261) FB-Diseases-1247-909 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-28 00:00:00 2003-05-28 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1247&StockCode=1263 Loimopapillosum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Hargis, W.J. 1955 Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part V. The superfamily Capsaloidea. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 74(3):203-225. (Ref. 46261) FB-Diseases-1247-903 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2003-05-23 00:00:00 2003-05-23 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1247&StockCode=1263 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Thaumatocotyle Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Hargis, W.J. 1955 Monogenetic trematodes of Gulf of Mexico fishes. Part V. The superfamily Capsaloidea. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 74(3):203-225. (Ref. 46261) FB-Habitat-1247 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2018-03-13 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1247 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats reef-associated; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 53 m (Ref. 13608), usually ? - 4 m (Ref. 55205) Uyeno, T., K. Matsuura and E. Fujii (eds.) 1983 Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, Japan. 519 p. (Ref. 13608) Florida Museum of Natural History 2005 Biological profiles: southern stingray. Retrieved on 26 August 2005, from www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SouthernStingray/SouthernStingray.html. Ichthyology at the Florida Museum of Natural History: Education-Biological Profiles. FLMNH, University of Florida. (Ref. 55205)