FB-12912 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12912 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Anabantiformes Anabantidae Microctenopoma Microctenopoma lineatum (Nichols, 1923) Karakogere Lubango Shilba seefarea Shilbaya Sølv-smørmalle Silberwels Butter barbel Butter catfish Butterfish Silver barbel Silver butter catfish Silver catfish silver catfish Hopeakuultomonni Nalanga Manja Lubango Katante Kissengo Matanda Nembe Saruni Sire Tshihoko Asan Ain Dambe Elangi Female belly up Impiryi Imputa Ikokole Injera Kakonje Likole Liole Mpawa Nzeli Nzengenzenge Nzere Rawa 帕氏鍚伯鯰 帕氏钖伯鲶 銀鍚伯鯰 银钖伯鲶 Eutropius lemairii Boulenger, 1900 Schilbe auratus Joannis, 1835 Schilbe bouvieri Rochebrune, 1885 Schilbe dispela Günther, 1864 Schilbe dispila Günther, 1864 Schilbe emini Pfeffer, 1896 Schilbe intermedium Rüppell, 1832 Schilbe mystus (non Linnaeus, 1758) Schilbe mystus fasciata Steindachner, 1870 Schilbe mystus fasciatus Steindachner, 1870 Schilbe palmeri Svensson, 1933 Schilbe senegalensis Günther, 1864 Schilbe senegalensis fasciata Steindachner, 1870 Schilbe senegallus Valenciennes, 1840 Schilbe steindachneri Guimarães, 1884 1995-03-21 2024-05-23 Breder, C.M. and D.E. 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(Ref. 137577) FB-GeneralDescr-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Reported to be a pelagic species (Ref. 34290), generally abundant in open water, in both lacustrine and fluviatile conditions, often showing shoaling habits; seems to prefer large or rather large rivers and lakes and apparently rarely penetrates small rivers or small affluents (Ref. 43912). Occur mainly on shallow waters. Migrate to the surface at night (Ref. 34291). Surface feeder; nocturnal, omnivorous, voracious and predaceous (Ref. 43912). Feeds on fish (juvenile as well as adults), insects (aquatic as well as terrestrial ones, larvae as well as adult insects), molluscs, freshwater prawns and other crustaceans, algae and bottom-living and planktonic organisms; vegetable material and eggs were also reported from stomach contents (Ref. 43912). Primarily piscivorous at 13-34 cm TL (Ref. 34291, 43912). Rarely grow to lengths greater than 30 cm SL (Ref. 34290). Maximum total length recorded 60.5 cm (Ref. 43912), 52331). Maximum lifetime observed almost 10 years (Ref. 43912). Spawn throughout the year peaking once (Ref. 34291). Migrate into rivers in fairly compact schools during the rainy season to spawn in floodwater pools (Ref. 34291). Reproduction occurs at high water after the floods (Ref. 43912). Oviparous, eggs are unguarded (Ref. 205). Flesh edible and of good flavour; possible aquaculture species (Ref. 43912). De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-DiagnosticDescr-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 2000-06-22 00:00:00 2022-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Diagnosis: 8-13 gill rakers (exceptionally 7-14, Ref. 43912) on lower limb of first gill arch; 41-66 branched anal-fin rays; eyes positioned laterally (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). In the Nile (Ref. 43912) and in West Africa adipose fin usually absent, but specimens with a rudimentary adipose fin occasionally present (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). In Central and East Africa populations without as well as with entirely developed adipose fin occur; in several populations both morphotypes are mixed together, the adipose fin being absent or present but sometimes varying in size from a recognizable protrusion low down the back to a fully developed adipose fin; posterior nostrils always closer to each other than are anterior ones; lower jaw reaches beyond snout but hardly remarkable in some specimens, mouth being almost isognath; inner side of pectoral spine feebly serrated; nasal barbel at least reaching to midway between eye and opercle but often reaching beyond this level; small specimens (up to about 15 cm) with typical colour pattern with dark lateral bands along sides and anal fin, this pattern gradually disappearsing in larger specimens, the body becoming in general entirely brownish, yellowish and silvery with very few traces of dark lateral bands (Ref. 43912). Eyes positioned laterally (Ref. 81643).Description: anal fin long, extending from vent almost to origin of caudal fin; 4 pairs of short, circum-oral barbels (Ref. 34290). 41-66 branched anal fin rays; 40-49 non-fused vertebrae; 7-14 gill rakers on lower part of anterior arch; 8-11 branchiostegal rays on one side of head; caudal peduncle generally deeper than long but in some cases as long as deep; length of circumoral barbels rather variable and showing negative allometry; nasal barbel reaches at least to midway between eye and opercle (large specimens) but at maximum just beyond anterior border of opercle; maxillary and outer mandibular barbels reach at least to midway between eye and opercle and at maximum to just beyond anterior border of opercle; inner mandibular barbels short and at maximum reach to just beyond posterior eye border; profile of head very variable, in general rather straight from snout to occiput but in many specimens straight only anteriorly, nape ascending very abruptly from occiput to origin of dorsal fin; snout morphology also rather variable: usually broad and round, but can also be more or less rectangular or rather narrow; inner side of pectoral spine and posterior side of dorsal spine feebly serrated (Ref. 43912). Specimens without an adipose fin are very similar to S. uranoscopus, which however has more numerous gill rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch (13-16 against 7-14 in S. intermedius) and more branched anal fin rays (59-73 against 41-66 in S. intermedius); specimens of S. intermedius with an adipose fin are very similar to S. moebiusii known from some East African coastal basins in Tanzania, but in the latter the nasal barbels are rather short, never reaching beyond the posterior eye border, a pronounced postoccipital hump is present and there is a fairly high number of branched anal fin rays (60-68 against an all over variation of 41-66 in all populations of S. intermedius)(Ref. 43912).Coloration: live young individuals (to about 150 mm SL) with a peculiar colour pattern: head and back dark brown, with two brownish or blackish bands on sides, one along lateral line, other above anal-fin base (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). Two other dark bands above anal fin; dark stripe present along dorsal and ventral lobe of caudal fin (Ref. 43912). This colour pattern disappears with growth: head and back remain dark brown, but the lateral bands fade progressively and the sides become more or less whitish or silvery (Ref. 43912, 57127, 81643). Congo basin specimens sometimes with a somewhat mottled colour pattern (Ref. 43912). Preserved specimens: silvery colour of the body disappears almost completely (Ref. 57127, 81643). De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-Morphology-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 2000-06-22 00:00:00 2022-11-16 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Dorsal spines (total): 1; Dorsal soft rays (total): 5 - 6; Analsoft rays: 41 - 66 De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) FB-Distribution-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2015-05-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Africa: Senegal, Gambia, Casamance, Corubal, Geba, Little Scarcies, Sassandra, Boubo, Bandama, Agnébi, Mé, Comoé, Tano, Pra, Volta basin, Mono, Sio, Ouémé, Ogun, entire Niger and Chad basins, Cross, Wouri and Sanaga; absent between Little Scarcies and Sassandra; further in the entire Congo River basin, Malagarasi, Luiche, Cunene, Okavango, entire Zambezi including the Kafue system, Lake Kariba, Nile, Lake Victoria basin, Webi Shebeli, Wando, Tana, Galana, Athi, Wami, Rufiji-Ruaha, Lake Rukwa, lower Sabi-Lundi, Shire below Murchison Falls, Lake Chilwa, Ruvu, Pungwe, Limpopo, Incomati and Pongola (Ref. 43912). De Vos, L. 1995 A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes). With an annotated bibliography. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 271:1-450. (Ref. 43912) FB-Uses-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental Okeyo, D.O. 2000 Inland fisheries development in Namibia: evaluating alternative paths for sustainable development. p. 109-131. In B. Fuller and I. Prommer (eds) Interim Report IR-00-031. Population-development-environment in Namibia. Background readings. IIASA, Laxenburg (Austria). 315 p. (Ref. 54974) De Vos, L. 1995 A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes). With an annotated bibliography. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 271:1-450. (Ref. 43912) FB-Migration-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=12914&StockCode=13244 Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 2000-07-10 00:00:00 2005-01-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public intermedius http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy In Gaborone reservoir, there were differences in diet composition during wet and dry seasons. In wet season, dominant food were insects (83% dry weight) and during dry season, fish (68% dry weight) was dominant food (Ref. 52847). Witte, F. and W. de Winter 1995 Appendix II. Biology of the major fish species of Lake Victoria. p. 301-320. In F. Witte and W.L.T. Van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34291) FB-Size-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 50.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 57127)); max. published weight: 1,380 g (Ref. 43912) De Vos, L. 2003 Schilbeidae. p. 97-116 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57127) De Vos, L. 1995 A systematic revision of the African Schilbeidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes). With an annotated bibliography. Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 271:1-450. (Ref. 43912) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-12914 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1995-03-21 00:00:00 2024-11-19 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=12914 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat pelagic; potamodromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 34291), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 34291) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Witte, F. and W. de Winter 1995 Appendix II. Biology of the major fish species of Lake Victoria. p. 301-320. In F. Witte and W.L.T. Van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34291) Witte, F. and W. de Winter 1995 Appendix II. Biology of the major fish species of Lake Victoria. p. 301-320. In F. Witte and W.L.T. Van Densen (eds.) Fish stocks and fisheries of Lake Victoria. A handbook for field observations. Samara Publishing Limited, Dyfed, Great Britain. (Ref. 34291)