FB-13147 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13147 Animalia Chordata Elasmobranchii Rhinopristiformes Rhinobatidae Rhinobatos Rhinobatos lionotus Norman, 1926 Lukhma Bleeker's whipray Brow bellied ray Whip-tail sting ray Whiptail stingray Bleekeri nuutrai Boor Tarabla Warkhol Patari તરાબલા બુર  વરખોલ પટરી Chembadan thirandi ചെംപാടന് തിരണ്ടി ചെന്പാടന് തിരണ്ടി Chamli Pakat Whaghya pakat चामळी पकात वाघया पाकात Seman-tirike செமன் தீருக்கே  செமன் தீருக்கை  சீமான் திருக்‍கை Zweepstaartpijlstaartrog Dasyatis bleekeri (Blyth, 1860) Dasyatis blekeeri (Blyth, 1860) Himantura bleekeri (Blyth, 1860) Trygon bleekeri Blyth, 1860 1995-05-24 2021-04-06 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280) Suvatti, C.0 Fishes of Thailand. Royal Institute of Thailand, Bangkok. 379 p. (Ref. 1632) Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran0 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832) Talwar, P.K. and R.K. Kacker0 Commercial sea fishes of India. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 997 p. (Ref. 6867) Nguyen, H.P. and H.L. Tran0 Checklist of marine fishes in Viet Nam. Vol. 1. Amphioxi and Chondrichthyes. Science and Technics Publishing House, Viet Nam. (Ref. 9705) Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno0 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the University of British Columbia Fish Museum Fish Museum. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. (Ref. 10937) De Bruin, G.H.P., B.C. Russell and A. Bogusch0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. The marine fishery resources of Sri Lanka. Rome, FAO. 400 p. (Ref. 11298) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO, Rome. 293 p. (Ref. 13710) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Taniuchi, T.0 Preliminary report on freshwater stingrays in Thailand and Laos. p. 7-33. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 32444) Wongrat, P.0 Whip-tailed freshwater stingrays family Dasyatidae of Thailand. p. 35-40. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 32457) Ishihara, H., T. Taniuchi, S. Tanaka and M.P. Srivastava0 Investigation of the freshwater elasmobranchs in the River Ganges. p. 41-55. In Adaptability and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial year of 1996 and 1997. 119 p. (Ref. 33178) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766) Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul0 Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p. (Ref. 37773) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution-Division of Fishes. (Ref. 38732) Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated database version of December 2001. Catalog databases as made available to FishBase in December 2001. (Ref. 40966) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Bor, P.H.F.0 Nederlandse naamlijst van de recente haaien en roggen (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) van de wereld. World Wide Web electronic publication www.rajidae.tmfweb.nl, version (05/2002). (Ref. 43454) Dioneda, R.R., V.S. Soliman, F.B. Bustamante and E.B. Bola0 Size and species composition of trawl-caught trashfish in San Miguel Bay. p.58-64. In V.S. Soliman and R.D. Dioneda (eds.) Capture Fisheries Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Post-Resource and Ecological Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Philippines. BFAR, Fish. Sect. Prog. and Bicol Univ. Coll. of Fish. SMB Post-REA Tech. Rep. 1,60 p. (Ref. 45158) Basmayor, L.O., R.D. Dioneda and V.S. Soliman0 The fishes and invertebrates of San Miguel Bay. p.36-47. In V.S. Soliman and R.D. Dioneda (eds.) Capture Fisheries Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Post-Resource and Ecological Assessment of San Miguel Bay, Phil., Vol.1. BFAR, Fish. Sect. Prog. and Bicol Univ. Coll. of Fish. SMB Post-REA Tech. Rep. 1,60 p. (Ref. 45161) Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255) Pauly, D.0 The fishes and their ecology. p.15-33. In D. Pauly and A.N. Mines (eds.) Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines: biology and stock assessment. ICLARM Techn. Rep. 7, 124 p. (Ref. 45674) Kharbhari, J.P.0 Scientific, common and local names of commercially important marine fishes and shell fishes of Maharashtra and Gujarat coasts. Mar. Fish. Inf. Serv., Techn. Ext. Ser., 44:18-23. (Ref. 46402) Anonymous0 Kerala Fisheries (facts and figures). Kerala, Superintendent Government Press. (Ref. 47699) Compagno, L.J.V., P.R. Last, J.D. Stevens and M.N.R. Alava0 Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept. 243. 101 p. (Ref. 47737) Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds0 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315. (Ref. 50449) Riede, K.0 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz0 Living marine resources of Kuwait, eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. 324 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 68964) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471) Psomadakis, P.N., H.B. Osmany and M. Moazzam0 Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Pakistan. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, 386p. (Ref. 114767) Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor0 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) Adday, T.K.0 Parasitic crustaceans of some marine fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Doctor of Philosophy, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, 316p. (Ref. 115291) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Gladston, Y., K.V. Akhilesh, C. Thakurdas, O.P.K. Ravi, S.M. Ajina and L. Shenoy0 Length-weight relationship of selected elasmobranch species from north-eastern Arabian Sea, India. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:753-757. (Ref. 121648) Psomadakis, P., H. Thein, B.C. Russell and M.T. Tun0 Field identification guide to the living marine resources of Myanmar. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Rome: i-xvii + 1-694, pls. 1-58. (Ref. 122869) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-pic-13148-16268 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-12-22 1997-12-22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hible_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Hible_u0.gif FB-pic-13148-51827 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Arnaud Fosset 2009-09-03 2009-09-03 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hible_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hible_u1.jpg FB-pic-13148-51828 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Arnaud Fosset 2009-09-03 2009-09-04 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Image can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Hible_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Hible_u2.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Enters estuaries (Ref. 4832). Found mainly on muddy bottoms to at least 40 m depth. Most likely to feed on small crustaceans (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates (Ref. 68964). Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832) FB-Distribution-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2023-04-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan to Myanmar (but range needs refinement). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology fisheries: commercial Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) FB-Migration-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692). Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=13148&StockCode=13474 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-Size-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size 84.0 cm WD (male/unsexed; (Ref. 121648)); 112 cm WD (female); max. published weight: 21.1 kg (Ref. 121648); max. published weight: 45 kg Gladston, Y., K.V. Akhilesh, C. Thakurdas, O.P.K. Ravi, S.M. Ajina and L. Shenoy 2018 Length-weight relationship of selected elasmobranch species from north-eastern Arabian Sea, India. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:753-757. (Ref. 121648) Gladston, Y., K.V. Akhilesh, C. Thakurdas, O.P.K. Ravi, S.M. Ajina and L. Shenoy 2018 Length-weight relationship of selected elasmobranch species from north-eastern Arabian Sea, India. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 34:753-757. (Ref. 121648) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-13148 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Armi G. Torres 1995-05-25 00:00:00 2020-09-02 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13148 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat benthopelagic; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range ? - 30 m (Ref. 9840) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840)