FB-1349 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1349 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Gadiformes Ranicipitidae Raniceps Raniceps raninus (Linnaeus, 1758) Piggvar skarp Skarp a. turbot Skarp czarnomorski Pregado Rodabalho Shkoter Shkotra Bourrourou Corbeau Hebo Tirss Turbot Rombu Torbwt Pighvarre Haandreiß Steinbutt Steinbutte Breet Britt Butt Turbot Harilik kammeljas kammeljas Hvasskvoysa Tindaskalli Piikkikampela Turbot שט צד (טורבוט) Buturac Iver Plat Rumb Rumbac Sandhverfa Passira pitrus Petroso Rombo Rombo chiodato Rombo di soglio Rombo gigante Rombo maggiore Rombo veaxo Romme Rumbu Rumbulu de fangu Rumme petruse Rummo Rummo veaxo Rummulu Soazo akmeņplekste uotas Barbun imperjali Linqwata imperjali Azovskii kalkan Tjurbo Калкан Plat Baldin Bannock fluke Bonnet fluke Gunner fluke Mill fish Rawn fluke Rodden fluke Rowan Sea pheasant Piggvar Kalkan Kalkan baligi Камбала Тюрбо Тюрбо Rodaballo Turbot An turbard Kalkani Kalkáni Rèmol empetxinat Romb Rómbos-pisci Syaki Tarbot Καλκάνι Συάκι 大菱鮃 大菱鲆 瘤棘鮃 瘤棘鲆 Pleuronectes cyclops Donovan, 1806 Pleuronectes maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) Pleuronectes maximus Linnaeus, 1758 Pleuronectes turbot Lacepède, 1802 Psetta maeotica (non Pallas, 1814) Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) Psetta maxima maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhombus aculeatus Gottsche, 1835 Rhombus maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) Rhombus magnus Minding, 1832 Rhombus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhombus stellosus Bennett, 1835 Scophthalmus maeoticus (non Pallas, 1814) Scophthalmus ponticus Ninni, 1932 1990-10-17 2016-07-20 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. 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Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psmax_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Psmax_u0.gif FB-pic-1348-38386 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2003-12-21 2003-12-21 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Psmax_j0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Psmax_j0.jpg FB-GeneralDescr-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Bauchot, M.-L. 1987 Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes 2001-02-01 00:00:00 2012-12-22 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388). Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen 1999 Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388) FB-Distribution-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2023-05-05 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea. Nielsen, J.G. 1986 Scophthalmidae. p. 1287-1293. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4703) FB-Uses-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Anonymous 1997 Species kept in the Kiel Aquarium in August 1997. Unpublished. 4 p. (Ref. 13389) FB-Migration-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1348&StockCode=1366 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Spawning usually happens between the months of February and April in the Mediterranean and from May to July in the Atlantic. Sequenced spawning every 2-4 days. Eggs have a single fat drop. Larvae are initially symmetric but, at the end of the metamorphosis (day 40-50, 25 mm), the right eye moves to the left side, losing its initial bilateral symmetry. Egg size 0.9 - 1.2 mm, larval length at hatching 2.7-3.1 mm. McEvoy, L.A. and J. McEvoy 1992 Multiple spawning in several commercial fish species and its consequences for fisheries management, cultivation and experimentation. J. Fish Biol. 41(Suppl.B):125-136. (Ref. 40290) FB-Size-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Rainer Froese 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 100.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4703)); max. published weight: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); max. reported age: 25 years (Ref. 32766) Nielsen, J.G. 1986 Scophthalmidae. p. 1287-1293. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4703) Frimodt, C. 1995 Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, England. 215 p. (Ref. 9988) Deniel, C. 1990 Comparative study of growth of flatfishes on the west coast of Brittany. J. Fish Biol. 37(1):149-166. (Ref. 32766) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1348-11 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2004-03-17 00:00:00 2004-03-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1348&StockCode=1366 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases Horne, M.T. and A.C. Barnes 1999 Enteric redmouth disease (<i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>). p.455-477. In P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno (eds.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CAB Int'l. (Ref. 48849) FB-Habitat-1348 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2011-01-10 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1348 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm 1989 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302)