FB-1358 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1358 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Stomiiformes Stomiidae Stomias Stomias ferox Reinhardt, 1842 Brisling Czprot Szprot Szprot baltycki Szprot sródziemnomorski Espadilha Lavadilha Papalina Papaline Sardine Koparka Shprot Tritzona Tzatza Sprata Spratt Sprot Šprot obecný Šprota Šprotka Sprott Sprotta Papallina Corbennog brisling Europæisk brisling Breitling Brisling Ostseesprotte Sprott Sprotte Baltic sprat Brisling European sprat Garvie Garvock Sprat Whitebait Euroopa kilu kilu Brislingur Kilohaili Amelette Esprot Harenguet Mélette phalérique Menuise œillet Sprat Sprot שפרוט Papalina Brislingur Alaccia Losa Palaziola Papalina Parazzola Renga Rengheta Sadda papalina Saracchina Sarachella Saraghina Sarda Sarda d'annata Sarda fimminedda Sarda papalina Sardela Sardelina Sardella da liscia Sardinella Serretta Spratto brētliņa bretlingis Lacci Lacci kahla Sardina friska Sardina hadra Sarda kahla Sardina Sardinella Baltiiskya kil'ka Chernomor shprot Chernomorski shprot Kil'ka Shprot Шпрот европейский Papalina Garvie Skarpsill Vassbuk Çaça Çaça balığı Çaça-platika Palatika Papalina Papalina balığı Papatika Platika Platika balığı Кілька Кілька балтійська Кілька чорноморська Шпрот європейський Шпрот середземноморський Шпрот чорноморський Alatxa Amploya Collaca Espadin Espadín Lacha Sardina Trancho Amploia Ceacea Ciacia Papalina Sardella Sardeluta Sprot Sprut Tata Παπαλίνα Σαρδέλα 黍鯡黍鲱 Clupanodon phalerica Risso, 1827 Clupea latulus Cuvier, 1829 Clupea papalina Bonaparte, 1846 Clupea schoneveldii Krøyer, 1846 Clupea spratttus Linnaeus, 1758 Clupea sprattus Linnaeus, 1758 Clupea sprattus balticus Schneider, 1908 Clupea sulinae Antipa, 1904 Meletta vulgaris Valenciennes, 1847 Spratella pumila Valenciennes, 1847 Spratella serdinka Nikolskii, 1923 Spratella sprattus baltica (Schneider, 1908) Sprattus sprattus balticus (Schneider, 1908) Sprattus sprattus phalearicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Sprattus sprattus phalerica (Risso, 1827) Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso, 1827) Sprattus sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Spratus spratus (Linnaeus, 1758) 1990-10-17 2021-03-15 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. 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Eng. 33(2):39-49. (Ref. 137923) FB-pic-1357-11298 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1996-06-23 1996-06-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Spspr_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Spspr_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9900). Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388). Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Sold as 'brislings' to canneries. Sprat are used in the production of fish meal and as mink food, less for human consumption (Ref. 9900). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 1995-09-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Lower jaw slightly projecting, gill cover without any bony radiating striae, teeth rarely present on vomer; belly with a strong keel of scutes; last two anal fin rays not enlarged. No dark spots on flanks. Pterotic bulla absent. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Morphology-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 1995-09-25 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 21; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 12 - 23 Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Distribution-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea. Berg, L.S. 1962 Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593) FB-Uses-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; bait: usually; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Migration-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-LifeCycle-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ FAO General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1357&StockCode=1375 Some spawn almost year round but mainly in spring and summer, near to the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Individual period of spawning takes about two months (Ref. 92054). Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-TrophicStrategy-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2015-03-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public sprattus http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 o/oo; strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Move to the surface at night. Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188) FB-Size-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 25.1 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 137577)); max. reported age: 6 years (Ref. 3561) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and … 2022 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Chugunova, N.I. 1959 Age and growth studies in fish. A systematic guide for ichthyologists. Israel Program for Scientific Translations. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva. 132 p. (Ref. 3561) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#LifeCycle Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1357 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-07-01 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1357 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); brackish; marine; depth range 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6302) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlstrøm 1989 Havfisk og Fiskeri i Nordvesteuropa. GEC Gads Forlag, København, 244 p. (in Danish). (Ref. 6302)