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	<dc:identifier>FB-13591</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13591</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Anabantiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Channidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Channa</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Channa stewartii (Playfair, 1867)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Malabar-snabelål</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Malabar spinyeel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Aaral</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Aaron</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Aral</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>ആരല്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>ആരോന്</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>冈氏吻棘鳅</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>岡氏吻棘鰍</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Macrognathus guntheri (Day, 1865)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Mastacembelus guentheri Day, 1865</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-06-22</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2022-06-09</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205&amp;speccode=13593'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=13593'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran0 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31402&amp;speccode=13593'>Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=13593'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=13593'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=34634&amp;speccode=13593'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (GCRL), Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. (Ref. 34634)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=35508&amp;speccode=13593'>Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43637&amp;speccode=13593'>Rema Devi, K. and T.J. Indra0 Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan . Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43637)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43640&amp;speccode=13593'>Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa and A. Gopalakrishnan0 Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43640)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43641&amp;speccode=13593'>Gopalakrishnan, A. and A.G. Ponniah0 Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. p. 13-32. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43641)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=44324&amp;speccode=13593'>Sathyanarayanappa, S.N., G.P.S. Rao and [N.] Vasudev0 Cultivable, sport and ornamental fishes of the Karnataka hilly region. p. 223-225. In Ponniah, A.G. and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1,347 p. (Ref. 44324)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=45255&amp;speccode=13593'>Kapoor, D., R. Dayal and A.G. Ponniah0 Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Lucknow, India.775 p. (Ref. 45255)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51471&amp;speccode=13593'>Carl, H.0 Danish fish names. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Unpublished. (Ref. 51471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=13593'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97143&amp;speccode=13593'>Plamoottil, M. and N.P. Abraham0 &lt;i&gt;Macrognathus albus&lt;/i&gt; (order: Synbranchiformes; family: Mastacembelidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Intl. J. Pure Appl. Zool. 2(2):100-105. (Ref. 97143)</reference>
	<reference isbn='1849954984' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=128868&amp;speccode=13593'>Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. 	Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-06-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2015-07-28 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13593</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in pools and running waters.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=13593'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13593</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Macrognathus guentheri can be distinguished from Macrognathus albus by the following characters:  body with distinct bars or marblings (vs. absent in M. albus), head shorter (14.1-6.3 % SL vs. 16.6- 17.4) and less deep (39.5-42.2 % HL vs.43.0- 48.6), body wider (7.0-7.5 % SL vs. 5.7- 7.1), pre dorsal (21.1-24.0 % SL vs. 26.9-28.4) and pre anal (56.0-61.6 % SL vs. 61.5-67.4) distances shorter, eyes are widely set (inter orbital width 10.5- 12.0 % HL vs. 6.3- 6.8), snout shorter (37.2- 41.1 % HL vs. 42.8- 48.4) and anal fin with 62-75 soft rays (vs. 56-62); irregular blotches absent on the mid dorsal side and extending a little to upper lateral side stretching from the opercle to caudal base (vs. present); dorsal spines comparatively longer and prominent (vs. short and partly hidden under skin); spinous part of dorsal fin originating just behind the end of pectoral fin (vs. originating considerably behind the end of pectoral fin); and preorbital spine present (vs. absent) (Ref. 97143).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97143&amp;speccode=13593'>Plamoottil, M. and N.P. Abraham 2014 &lt;i&gt;Macrognathus albus&lt;/i&gt; (order: Synbranchiformes; family: Mastacembelidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Intl. J. Pure Appl. Zool. 2(2):100-105. (Ref. 97143)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Morphology-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2015-07-28 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13593</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>Analsoft rays: 62 - 75</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97143&amp;speccode=13593'>Plamoottil, M. and N.P. Abraham 2014 &lt;i&gt;Macrognathus albus&lt;/i&gt; (order: Synbranchiformes; family: Mastacembelidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Intl. J. Pure Appl. Zool. 2(2):100-105. (Ref. 97143)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Distribution-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-06-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13593</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Asia:  India.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=13593'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Uses-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-06-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=13593</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: minor commercial; aquarium: commercial</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4833&amp;speccode=13593'>Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran 1991 Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43641&amp;speccode=13593'>Gopalakrishnan, A. and A.G. Ponniah 2000 Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. p. 13-32. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43641)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Grace Tolentino Pablico</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2002-10-14 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>guentheri</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Found in pools and running waters.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43641&amp;speccode=13593'>Gopalakrishnan, A. and A.G. Ponniah 2000 Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. p. 13-32. In A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. 1, 347 p. (Ref. 43641)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-13593</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-06-22 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>29.9 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 97143))</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=97143&amp;speccode=13593'>Plamoottil, M. and N.P. Abraham 2014 &lt;i&gt;Macrognathus albus&lt;/i&gt; (order: Synbranchiformes; family: Mastacembelidae), a new fish species from Kerala, India. Intl. J. Pure Appl. Zool. 2(2):100-105. (Ref. 97143)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>benthopelagic; freshwater</dc:description>
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