FB-1366 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1366 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei Triglidae Chelidonichthys Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758) Hestemakrell Taggmakrell Ostrobok pospolity Carapau Carapau do Atlântico Carapau-branco Carapau-de-orelhas Charro Chicharro Garapau Guaraçuma Sorelo Xixarro Stavrid Stavrida Stavrida atlantike Stavridh Stavridhi Aosifer asly Chourou Chourou europi Eseifer Esfer Esferi 'Hous'ayfer Japonais Khouril Saourel Saouril Saourine Saurel Sauril Saurou Seif Seig Shakhoura Tcherel Kala-txitxarro Txilin baltz Txitxarrilo Txitxarro Txitxarro arrunt Txitxarro arrunta Txitxarro beltz Txitxarroa txitxarro-kuma Okeanski safrid Cudaspru Marchfacrell Almindelig hestemakrel Hestemakrel Bastardmakrele Holzmakrele Stöcker Stöker Atlantic horse mackerel Blue mackarel Common scad European horse mackerel Horse mackerel Horse-mackerel Pollock Scad Western horse mackerel Harilik stauriid Kpala Rossamakrelur Piikkimakrilli Bizet Cagnassun Chinchard Chinchard commun Chinchard d'Europe Chinchard noir Maquerelle Saurel Kpanla Breac frengagh Trakhon gedol magen Trakhon gedol moginim Turvlus טרכון Muzikant Sarun Šarun Širun Snjur Šnjur Šur Brynstirtla Lacert Lacierte Lacierti Sauro Sauru Sauru lisciu Savaro Schiamutu Sciuro Scombro bastardo Soello Sorello Suelo Sugarella Sugarello Sugherello Sughero Sure Surellu Suro Suro di fondo Traule Aji Maaji Muroaji Sawrella Sawrella bajda Sawrella catta Sawrella kahla Sawrella komuni Obyknovennaya stavrida Snjur Sredizemnomorsko Stavrida Ставрида обыкновенная ставрида обыкновенная Sarun Snjur Trnobok Buck mackerel Scad Stour mackerel Bologoui Kawre Taggmakrill Istavrit İstavrit İstavrit balığı Karagöz istavrit Karagözistavrit balığı Ставрида атлантична Cá Sòng tra Dîai Diaî bou gnoul Dyay Nengho Chicharro Chincho Jurel Xurelo An bolmán Assatat Carapau-branco Chicharrinho Chicharro Ebrum Grizosavrido Horsmakreel Likouanga Liouolo Marsbanker Nkoufi Savridi Silivi Sorell Stravrid Stravrid mare Sur Šur Γκριζοσαύριδο Λαμπούγα Λαπόρδα Σαμπανιός Σαυρίδι Σταυρίδι 竹筴魚 竹筴鱼 Branchialepes tabulae (non Barnard, 1927) Caranx trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) Scomber trachurus Linnaeus, 1758 Selar tabulae (non Barnard, 1927) Trachurus capensis (non Castelnau, 1861) Trachurus europaeus Gronow, 1854 Trachurus trachurus capensis (non Castelnau, 1861) Trachurus vulgaris Fleming, 1828 1990-10-17 2022-07-20 Russell, F.S.0 The eggs and planktonic stages of British marine fishes. 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(Ref. 118592) Palomares, M.L.D., R. Froese, B. Derrick, S.-L. Nöel, G. Tsui, J. Woroniak and D. Pauly0 A preliminary global assessment of the status of exploited marine fish and invertebrate populations. A report prepared by the Sea Around Us for OCEANA. The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, p. 64. (Ref. 118628) Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717) Ali, A.H., T.K. Adday and N.R. Khamees0 Catalogue of Marine Fishes of Iraq. Biol. Appl. Environ. Res. 2(2):298-368. (Ref. 119065) ICES0 Horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus trachurus</i>) in Subarea 8 and divisions 2.a, 4.a, 5.b, 6.a, 7.a-c, and 7.e-k (the Northeast Atlantic). ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch, and effort. 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(www.biosweb.org. updated 13/04/2023). (Ref. 128520) Rodríguez-García, C., J. Castro-Gutiérrez, A.R. Domínguez-Bustos, A. García-González and R. Cabrera-Castro0 Every fish counts: Challenging length-weight relationship bias in discards. Fishes 8(222)1-18. (Ref. 128593) Froese, R. and V.A. Parducho0 Global stocks spreadsheet as of December 9, 2022. Excel file from V.A. Parducho, pers. comm. (Ref. 128993) Rahmani, K., F. Koudache, N.E.R. Mouedden, L. Bensahla-Talet and R. Flower0 Spawning period, size at first sexual maturity and sex ratio of the Atlantic horse mackerel <i>Trachurus trachurus</i> from Beni-saf Bay (western coast of Algeria, southwestern Mediterranean Sea). Annals: Series Historia Naturalis 30(1):43-52. (Ref. 130127) Bensahla-Talet, L., M. Gherram and A. Bensahla-Talet0 Weight-length relationships of seven fish species (Teleostei: Sparidae, Mullidae, Carangidae) of Western Mediterranean Sea (Oran Bay, Algeria). Journal of King Abdul Aziz University, Marine Sciences 27(1):1-9. (Ref. 130132) Petit-Marty, N., M. Liu, I.Z. Tan, A. Chung, B. Terrasa, B. Guijarro, F. Ordines, S. Ramirez-Amaro, E. Massuti and C. Schunter0 Declining population sizes and loss of genetic diversity in commercial fishes: a simple method for a first diagnostic. Frontiers in Marine Science 9(872537):1-11. (Ref. 130275) Kwei, E.A. and D.W. Ofori-Adu0 Fishes in the coastal waters of Ghana. Comm. 2. Tema-Ghana. 124p. (Ref. 130891) Ragheb, E.0 Length-weight relationship and well-being factors of 33 fish species caught by gillnets from the Egyptian Mediterranean waters off Alexandria. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 49:361-367. (Ref. 132388) Asoc. Plataforma Defensa Medio-Ambiental Ondarroa 12 mil0 Basque Fish Names Asoc. Plataforma Defensa Medio-Ambiental Ondarroa 12 mil. https://arrainak.eus/arrainak. (Ref. 132948) Smith-Vaniz, W.F., A. Sidibe, F. Nunoo, K. Lindeman, A.B. Williams, R. Quartey, K. Camara, K.E. Carpenter, V. Montiero, L. de Morais, R. Djiman, M. Sylla and A. Sagna0 <i>Trachurus trachurus</i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T198647A43157137. (Ref. 137493) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) FB-pic-1365-12908 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg Thorke A.S. Østergaard 2000-07-26 2000-07-26 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Trtra_u4.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Trtra_u4.jpg FB-pic-1365-14454 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-04-23 1997-04-23 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Trtra_u3.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Trtra_u3.gif FB-pic-1365-51655 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-08-20 2009-08-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Trtra_u5.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Trtra_u5.gif FB-pic-1365-51656 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 2009-08-20 2009-08-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Trtra_u6.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Trtra_u6.gif FB-GeneralDescr-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat. Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986 Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388). Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986 Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197) FB-Morphology-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1997-02-06 00:00:00 2012-11-30 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 30 - 36; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 24 - 32 Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986 Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197) FB-Distribution-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2025-09-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa to southwestern Indian Ocean (South Africa to southern Mozambique), and Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Heemstra, P.C., E. Heemstra, D.A. Ebert, W. Holleman and J.E. Randall (eds.) 2022 Coastal fishes of the Western Indian Ocean Vol. 4. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, a National Research Facility of the National Research Foundation (NRF-SAIAB), 650 p. (Ref. 127963) FB-Uses-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: medium; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species FAO 1992 FAO yearbook. Fishery statistics: catches and landings. Vol. 70: 1990. FAO Fish. Ser. 38:647 p. (Ref. 4931) Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171) van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p. (Ref. 12484) FB-Migration-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FB-TrophicStrategy-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Pascualita Sa-a 1996-11-28 00:00:00 2007-08-10 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ trachurus Forms large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. Feeds on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. Sparholt, H. 1990 An estimate of the total biomass of fish in the North Sea. J. Cons. 46:200-210. (Ref. 12224) FB-Size-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 70.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 3197)); max. published weight: 2,000 g (Ref. 27584) Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986 Carangidae. p. 638-661. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3197) Ly, B., M. Diop and M. Girardin 1996 Guide et nomenclature nationale commerciale des espèces marines (poissons, crustaces et mollusques) pêchées en Mauritanie. Centre National de Recherches Oceanographiques et des Peches, Ministere des Peches et de l'Economie Maritime. 189 p. (Ref. 27584) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-1365 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2013-07-12 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1365 pelagic-neritic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256) Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243) FAO-FIGIS 2005 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Trachurus trachurus. Retrieved on 05 May 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2306. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54256) FAO-FIGIS 2005 A world overview of species of interest to fisheries. Chapter: Trachurus trachurus. Retrieved on 05 May 2005, from www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2306. 3p. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS (Ref. 54256)