FB-1413 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1413 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis Oreochromis leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933) Tilapia wielkoglowa Lue Vestafrikansk mundruger Schwarzkinnmaulbrüter Blackchin mouthbrooder Blackchin tilapia Cichlid Mango fish Silvery tilapia Tilapia Akpanoe Ditsame Dzefokpa Mustaleukatilapia Didee Gargaza Ifunu Mpupa Karwa Booss Wass Epia Epiya Wesafu Apa Furoo Imboye Kaporoc Kedipa Kpro ouffou Obrofou Owe Tome Tsokungi Ukuobu 塞內加爾非鯽塞内加尔非鲫大头非鲫大頭非鯽沼泽帚齿非鲫沼澤帚齒非鯽莱昂帚齿非鲫萊昂帚齒非鯽霍氏帚齒非鯽霍氏帚齿非鲫黑頦帚齒非鯽黑頰非鯽(引進) 黑颊罗非鱼黑颊非鲫(引进) 黑颏帚齿非鲫 Chromis heudelotii (Duméril, 1861) Chromis macrocephalus Bleeker, 1862 Chromis microcephalus Günther, 1862 Chromis niloticus (non Linnaeus, 1758) Melanogenes macrocephalus Bleeker, 1863 Melanogenes microcephalus Bleeker, 1863 Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii (Duméril, 1861) Sarotherodon melanotheron leonensis (Thys van den Audenaerde, 1971) Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell, 1852 Sarotherodon melanotheron paludinosus Trewavas, 1983 Tilapia heudeloti Duméril, 1861 Tilapia heudelotii Duméril, 1861 Tilapia heudelotii heudelotii Duméril, 1861 Tilapia heudelotii macrocephala (Bleeker, 1862) Tilapia leonensis Thys van den Audenaerde, 1971 Tilapia macrocephala (Bleeker, 1862) Tilapia melanotheron (Rüppell, 1852) Tilapia microcephala (Günther, 1862) Tilapia multifasciata (non Günther, 1903) Tilapia multifasciata macrostoma Pellegrin, 1941 Tilapia rangii Duméril, 1861 1990-10-17 2024-01-15 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. 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Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Mutia, M.T.M., M.P. Gardon, C.M. Faminialagao and M.C. Muyot0 Stock assessment of Taal Lake. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Year-End Review and Evaluation. November 8-10, 2017. (Ref. 118625) Tah, L., G.B. Goore and K.S. Da Costa0 Length-weight relationship for 36 freshwater fish species from two tropical reservoirs: Ayamé I and Buyo, Côte d'Ivoire. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60(4):1847-1856. (Ref. 123661) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante0 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Lederoun, D., A. Chikou, E. Vreven, J. Snoeks, J. Moreau, P. Vandewalle and P. Lalèyè0 Population parameters and exploitation rate of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell, 1852 (Cichlidae) in Lake Toho, Benin. J. Bio. & Env. Sci. 6(2):259-271. (Ref. 126898) Lederoun, D., V.H. Ahouanganon, R.A. Dagnide, P. Vandewalle and P. Lalèyè0 Evaluation of length-weight and length-length relationships of some of the most abundant commercial fishes from the Couffo River basin (Benin, West Africa). Fisheries & Aquatic Life 30(2):63-73. (Ref. 128374) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Lederoun, D., K.R. Lalèyè, A.R. Boni, G. Amoussou, H. Vodougnon, H. Adjibogoun and P.A. Lalèyè0 Length-weight and length-length relationships of some of the most abundant species in the fish catches of Lake Nokoué and Porto-Novo Lagoon (Benin, West Africa). Lakes and Reserv. 2018:1-7. (Ref. 128905) Pauly, D.0 On the ecology of a small West African lagoon. Ber. dt. wiss. Komm. Meeresforsch. 24(1):46-62. (Ref. 130660) Mireku, K.K., J. Blay and K. Yankson0 Reproductive biology of Blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Pisces: Cichlidae) from Brimsu Reservoir, Cape Coast, Ghana. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture 8:42-54. (Ref. 131587) Amarasinghe, U.S. and D., Pauly0 The relationship between size at maturity and maximum size in cichlid populations corroborates the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT). Asian Fish. Sci., 34(1):14-22. (Ref. 131594) Hontonyon, E. W.0 Fish catches among water side communities of Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. Lagos State University, Department of Fisheries, Thesis. (Ref. 132914) Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577) Corpuz, M.N.C., H.M.E. Nacorda, C.M.E. Casal, D.V. Faustino-Eslava, P.A. Jaranilla-Sanchez, S.A. Vedra, H.M. Paguia and M.V.O. Espaldon0 Length-weight relationship, and relative condition factor of fishes in Talisay and Bagac River Systems, Bataan, Philippines. International Journal of Latest Engineering Science 6(4):12-17. (Ref. 138191) FB-GeneralDescr-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats This species can tolerate high salinity (Ref. 5723). Adults occur abundantly in mangrove areas and ventures in to both fresh, like lower reaches of streams (Ref. 5723) and salt waters in native and non-native ranges (Ref. 46816, 53405). In West Africa, they are confined to brackish lagoons and estuaries, and is abundant in the mangrove zone (Ref. 2). They form schools; is mainly nocturnal with intermittent daytime feeding. They feed on aufwuchs and detritus (Ref. 2), as well as on bivalves and zooplankton (Ref. 28587). Feeding behaviour: picking up and swallowing "bites" (no gill rakers) (Ref. 55661). Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Sarotherodon. p. 425-437. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4999) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2008-12-02 20:36:14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Diagnosis: length of caudal peduncle 0.6-0.9 times in its depth (Ref. 53405). Melanic areas in adult usually present on lower parts of head, on cleithrum and on apices of caudal and soft dorsal fins; occasional irregular and asymmetrical spots on flanks probably representing vertical bars; median spot or transverse bar on nape rather constant (Ref. 2).Description: jaw teeth in 3-6 rows, outer row in upper jaw with 46-100 bicuspid teeth; outer jaw teeth bicuspid; inner jaw teeth tricuspid; lower pharyngeal bone long and narrow, its toothed part with fine, bicuspid teeth; micro-gillrakers present; scales cycloid (Ref. 53405).Coloration: in life: ground colour pale opalescent blue, each scale with darker or golden spot at base; 2-3 scale rows on back iridescent yellow; gill cover transparent in mature females, gills shining through and giving a purple appearance; chin, opercle and part of subopercle metallic golden in mature males; deep black spots on lower jaw, branchiostegal membrane, underside of head, above eye, on neck, cleithrum (from upper end to below pectoral-fin bases), and often 1-2 on sides; these often asymmetric spots darker and larger in mature males, but absent in juveniles; dorsal and anal fins with more or less distinct spots against iridescent greenish background; soft parts of fins often black-edged in mature individuals; caudal fin translucent, colourless or mauve, with deep-black angles; pectoral fins colourless, pelvics dark with white margin; "tilapian" spot present in juveniles, but disappears at sizes of 50mm SL (Ref. 53405). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2008-12-02 20:36:14 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Dorsal spines (total): 15 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 26 - 28 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2019-11-21 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 Africa: Lagoons and estuaries from Mauritania to Cameroon. Introduced to several countries in Asia, USA and Europe (Ref. 21). At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction. Previously, three subspecies were recognized: Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii, Sarotherodon melanotheron leonensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron. Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Sarotherodon. p. 425-437. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 4999) FB-Uses-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; aquarium: commercial Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. (Ref. 12108) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott 1991 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) FB-LifeCycle-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1412&StockCode=1461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Spawns in shallow water close inshore. Initiative in courtship, pit digging and mating activities are taken by the female. Eventually a male is stimulated to react in a mainly passive manner and a pair-bond is established; sexual dimorphism minimal; no T-stand by the partners during fertilization. Exhibits mouth-brooding habit (Ref. 6298). Males exclusively incubate the eggs (Ref. 2, 6309). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-TrophicStrategy-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2018-04-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public melanotheron http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat This species can tolerate high salinity (Ref. 5723). It occurs abundantly in mangrove areas and ventures in to both fresh, like lower reaches of streams (Ref. 5723) and salt waters in native and non-native ranges (Ref. 46816, 53405). In West Africa, this species is confined to brackish lagoons and estuaries, and is abundant in the mangrove zone (Ref. 2). Forms schools; is mainly nocturnal with intermittent daytime feeding. Feeds on aufwuchs and detritus (Ref. 2), as well as on bivalves and zooplankton (Ref. 28587). Feeding behaviour: picking up and swallowing "bites" (no gill rakers) (Ref. 55661). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution 28.0 cm SL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 31256)) Olaosebikan, B.D. and A. Raji 1998 Field guide to Nigerian freshwater fishes. Federal College of Freshwater Fisheries Technology, New Bussa, Nigeria. 106 p. (Ref. 31256) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1412-1558 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-06-27 00:00:00 2005-06-27 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1412&StockCode=1461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Nosema Disease 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-1412-1580 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-26 00:00:00 2005-07-26 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1412&StockCode=1461 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Paeonodes Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-1412 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2025-12-18 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1412 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat demersal; non-migratory (Ref. 126106); freshwater; brackish; marine; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; depth range 0 - 3 m (Ref. 5723) Dean, E.M., A.R. Cooper, L. Wang, W. Daniel, S. David, C. Ernzen, K.B. Gido, E Hale, T.J. Haxton, W. Kelso, N. Leonard, C. Lido, J. Margraf, M. Porter, C. Pennock, D. Propst, J. Ross, M.D. Staudinger, G. Whelan and D.M. Infante 2022 The North American Freshwater Migratory Fish Database (NAFMFD): Characterizing the migratory life histories of freshwater fishes of Canada, the United States of Mexico. J. Biogeography 49:1193-1203. (Ref. 126106) Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr 1991 A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)