FB-1416 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1416 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Cichliformes Cichlidae Oreochromis Oreochromis spilurus (Günther, 1894) Kariba bream Kariba tilapia Kurper bream 莫氏口孵非鯽莫氏口孵非鲫 Sarotherodon mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966) Sarotherodon mossambicus mortimeri (Trewavas, 1966) Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas, 1966 Tilapia mossambica (non Peters, 1852) Tilapia mossambica mortimeri Trewavas, 1966 1990-10-17 2013-02-06 Trewavas, E.0 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Natural distribution of tilapias and its consequences for the possible protection of genetic resources. p. 1-11. In R.S.V. Pullin (ed.) Tilapia genetic resources for aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 16. (Ref. 58) Lowe-McConnell, R.H.0 Tilapias in fish communities. p. 83-113. In R.S.V. Pullin and R. H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.) The biology and culture of tilapias. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 7. 432 p. (Ref. 87) Jackson, P.B.N.0 The fishes of Northern Rhodesia. A check list of indigenous species. The Government Printer, Lusaka. 140 p. (Ref. 246) Mortimer, M.A.E.0 Observations on the biology of Tilapia andersonii (Castelnau), (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Northern Rhodesia. Jnt. Fish. Res. Org. Annu. Rep. 9(1959):42-67. (Ref. 314) Balon, E.K. and A.G. Coche0 Lake Kariba: a man-made tropical ecosystem in Central Africa. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague, Monogr. Biol. 24. 767 p. (Ref. 355) Welcomme, R.L.0 International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294. 318 p. (Ref. 1739) Moreau, J., J. Arrignon and R.A. Jubb0 Les introductions d'espèces étrangères dans les eaux continentales africaines. Intérêt et limites. p. 395-425. In Lévêque, C., M.N. Bruton and G.W. Ssentongo (eds.) Biologie et écologie des poissons d'eau douce africains. Éditions se l'ORSTOM, Coll. Trav. et Doc. 216. 508 p. (Ref. 1978) Balon, E.K.0 Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 3126) Jackson, P.B.N.0 Check list of the fishes of Nyasaland. The National Museum of Southern Rhodesia. Occasional Papers 3(25B). (Ref. 4364) Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott0 World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21):243 p. (Ref. 4537) Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels0 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) Kolding, J., E.M. Tirasin and L. Karenge0 Growth, mortality, maturity and length-weight parameters of fishes in Lake Kariba, Africa. Naga, ICLARM Q. 15(4):39-41. (Ref. 5309) Torres, F.S.B. Jr.0 Length-weight relationships of Lake Kariba fishes. Naga, ICLARM Q. 15(4):42-43. (Ref. 5330) Takano, M. and S.P. Subramaniam0 Some observations on the predatory feeding habits of Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau in Lake Kariba. CIFA Occ. Pap. 15:130-139. (Ref. 5386) Beadle, L.C.0 The inland waters of tropical Africa. An introduction to tropical limnology. Second edition. Longman Group Limited, London. 475 p. (Ref. 6316) Skelton, P.H.0 A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 Introduction of aquatic species into Zambian waters, and their importance for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme, ALCOM Field Document No. 24. 29 p. (Ref. 8600) Bell-Cross, G.0 The fishes of Rhodesia. National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Salisbury, Rhodesia. 268 p. (Ref. 12524) Anonymous0 Fish registrations within the museum database of the Vertebrate Section of the Royal Museum for Central Africa. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. (Ref. 12818) Ufermann, A., R. Allgayer and M. Geerts (eds.)0 Cichlid catalogue (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae Bonaparte, 1840). Vol. 1. Alphabetical catalogue of the cichlid fishes. Mr. Robert Allgayer, 15 rue des Hirondelles, 67350 Dauendorf, France. 1987:i-xv, 439 p. (Ref. 13271) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull0 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) B.-Rao, C. and K.C. Majurmdar0 Multivariate map representation of phylogenetic relationships: application to tilapiine fish. J. Fish Biol. 52(6):1199-1217. (Ref. 27524) Losse, G.F.0 lake Kariba and the Gwembe Valley. p. 22-31. In G.F.Losse. The small-scale fishery on Lake Kariba in Zambia. Deutsche Gessellscahft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany, 293 p. (Ref. 27602) Balon, E.K.0 Fishes from the edge of Victoria Falls, Africa: demise of a physical barrier for downstream invasions. Copeia 1974(3):643-660. (Ref. 31042) Swedish Museum of Natural History0 Fish collection database of the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet (Swedish Museum of Natural History). Ichthyology Section, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. (Ref. 31402) Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982) Gregg, R.E., J.H. Howard and F. Shonhiwa0 Introgressive hybridization of tilapias in Zimbabwe. J. Fish Biol. 52(1):1-10. (Ref. 32831) Anonymous0 The icthyological collection of the Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). Division of Ichthyology and Herpetology, Zoological Museum Hamburg (ZMH). (Ref. 35508) Feresu-Shonhiwa, F. and J.H. Howard0 Electrophoretic identification and phylogenetic relationships of indigenous tilapiine species of Zimbabwe. J. Fish Biol. 53(6):1178-1206. (Ref. 36532) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the National Museum of Zimbabwe. National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. (Ref. 36653) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 36670) Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West , NY 10024-5192, USA. (Ref. 41414) Jubb, R.A.0 A revised list of the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 3:5-39. (Ref. 41543) Munro, J.L.0 The food of a community of East African freshwater fishes. J. Zool., Lond. 151:389-415. (Ref. 42743) Sodsuk, P.K., B.J. McAndrew and G.F. Turner0 Evolutionary relationships of the lake Malawi Oreochromis species: evidence from allozymes. J. Fish Biol. 47(2):321-333. (Ref. 44514) Paperna, I.0 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) Anonymous0 Fish collection of the Royal Ontario Museum. Royal Ontario Museum. (Ref. 47438) Harvey, S.C., S.F. Powell, D.D. Kennedy, B.J. McAndrew and D.J. Penman0 Karyotype analysis of Oreochromis mortimeri (Trewavas) and Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell). Aquacult. Res. 33:339-342. (Ref. 48887) Mhlanga, W.0 An assessment of the fish population of the lower reaches of the Sanyati River, Zimbabwe. Afr. J. Aquat. Sci. 25:84-88. (Ref. 50024) Lamboj, A.0 The cichlid fishes of Western Africa. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany. 255 p. (Ref. 52307) Mhlanga, W.0 Food and feeding habits of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittanus, in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. p. 76-81. In M.L.D. Palomares, B. Samb, T. Diouf, J.M. Vakily and D. Pauly (eds.) Fish biodiversity: local studies as basis for global inferences. ACP-EU Fish. Res. Rep. 14, 281p. (Ref. 52848) Jubb, R.A.0 A note on a collection of freshwater fishes being prepared for the Queen Victoria Museum. Occ. pap. Nat. Mus. Sth. Rhod. 19:690-698. (Ref. 52951) Bell-Cross, G.0 The distribution of fishes in central Africa. Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia 4:3-20. (Ref. 52958) Bell-Cross, G.0 Additions and amendments to the check list of the fishes of Zambia. Puku Occ. Pap. Dept. Game Fish. Zambia 3:29-43. (Ref. 52959) Barnard, K.H.0 Revision of South African Cichlidae. Synonymy and notes on the species. Re. Inld. Fish. Dep. Un. S. Afr. 5:48-62. (Ref. 52962) Schoenen, P.0 A bibliography of important tilapias (Pisces: Cichlidae) for aquaculture. ICLARM Bibliogr. No. 6. 99p. (Ref. 54045) Kenmuir, D.H.S.0 Fishes of Kariba. Longman Zimbabwe Ltd, Harare, Zimbabwe. 135p. (Ref. 54048) Trewavas, E.0 A preliminary review of fishes of the genus Tilapia in the eastward-flowing rivers of Africa, with proposals of two new specific names. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 74(3-4):394-424. (Ref. 54096) Thys van den Audenaerde, D.F.E.0 An annotated bibliography of Tilapia (Pisces, Cichlidae). Mus. R. Afr. Cent., Doc. Zool. 14, 406p. (Ref. 54357) Marshall, B.0 Zimbabwe. p. 35-37. In R.S.V. Pullin (ed.) Tilapia genetic resources for aquaculture. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 16, 108 p. (Ref. 54454) Kapeleta, M.0 Aquaculture development in Malawi: tilapia culture. FAO Fish. Circ. 971:147-176. (Ref. 54856) Trewavas, E.0 Nyasa fishes of the genus Tilapia and a new species from Portuguese East Africa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11, 7(2):294-306. (Ref. 55427) Balon, E.K.0 Possible fish stock size assessment and available production survey as developed on Lake Kariba. Afr. J. Trop. Hydrobiol. Fish. 2:45-73. (Ref. 56439) Mhlanga, W.0 Observations on gillnet catches of Kariba Tilapia, Oreochromis mortimeri, from Bumi Basin of Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Naga, ICLARM Q. 21(1):57-60. (Ref. 57142) Minshull, J.L.0 Angling and spearfishing records - Zimbabwe freshwater fishes. Nat. Mus. Mon. Zimbabwe, Inf. Circ. 8:1-8. (Ref. 57168) Matthes, H.0 The food of Tilapia mortimeri Trewavas (syn. T. mossambica) in Lake Kariba. Fish. Res. Bull. Zambia 4:47-49. (Ref. 57203) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108) Sanyanga, R.A., C. Machena and N. Kautsky0 Abundance and distribution of inshore fish in fished and protected areas in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Hydrobiologia 306:67-78. (Ref. 58363) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis, 29 April 2008. (Ref. 75549) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (Ref. 83882) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2012. (Ref. 90062) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, April 2014. (Ref. 95632) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, [accessed 13/04/2015]. (Ref. 101110) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (accessed 08/06/2017). (Ref. 115257) FAO-FIES0 Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. Retrieved from htttps://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en [accessed May, 2018] (Ref. 118272) Mafuca, J.M. and R. Bills0 Fish diversity in the Cahora Bassa reservoir (Mozambique) some twenty five years after the dam closure: what has been the effect of the change from the lotic to lentic environments on the Zambezi River fish fauna? Revista Moçambicana de investigação pesqueira 32:2-14. (Ref. 121674) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) FB-GeneralDescr-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:50:35 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 Forms schools (Ref. 2, 54048). Is mainly diurnal; salt-tolerant (Ref. 2). Feeds mainly on (filamentous) algae (Ref. 2, 12524, 13337, 52307, 54048) and diatoms, as well as higher plants (Ref. 2, 52307), dipterous larvae, cladocerans, copepods (Ref. 2), aquatic and terrestrial insects, shrimps, worms (Ref. 12524, 13337, 54048) and mollusks (Ref. 54048). Mouthbrooder; spawns several times per year (Ref. 12524, 13337, 54048). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-DiagnosticDescr-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:45:19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Diagnosis: jaws greatly enlarged in mature males; scales in 2-3 rows on cheek; caudal peduncle relatively shorter than in O. mossambicus (Ref. 2). In life greenish grey (Ref. 2), green-blue (Ref. 52307) or grey-blue with a darker spot on each scale (Ref. 2, 52307). Females and immature males often with 1-3 dark mid-lateral blotches (Ref. 2, 52307), which may appear only as the fish dies (Ref. 2). Breeding males: predominantly iridescent blue-green to bronze (Ref. 2, 52307), with iridescent spots on dorsal and caudal fins (Ref. 2), a dorsal fin with a red edge that is not as pronounced as in O. mossambicus, and a narrow (as opposed to wide) red band at posterior end of caudal fin (Ref. 12524, 13337).Description: moderately deep-bodied; duckbill-shaped snout and large mouth, mostly seen in large males (Ref. 52307). Upper profile of snout concave in large breeding males; maxillary ending between nostril and eye; teeth in 3-5 series, mostly outer bicuspid, inner tricuspid; lower pharyngeal bone narrow with sides of dentigerous area concave; pharyngeal teeth fine (Ref. 2). Gill-rakers dense, slender and long (Ref. 3126). 4-6 scales between bases of pectoral and pelvic fins (Ref. 2). Caudal peduncle shorter than (Ref. 2, 52307) and coloration slightly different from O. mossambicus (Ref. 52307). Caudal fin occasionally with lower or both corners rounded; caudal fin not heavily scaled (Ref. 2).Coloration: body dark green with occasional black specimens (Ref. 12524, 13337). Body usually white on ventral surface (Ref. 2). Lower parts of cheeks and opercles bluish (Ref. 2, 52307). 2-5 dark but rather obscure mid-lateral blotches or bands may appear (Ref. 54048, 54096), especially as the fish is dying or preserved (Ref. 54096). Dorsal and caudal fins possess red to orange margins that are normally broader and more intense in males (Ref. 2, 52307, 54048, 54096). Numerous green iridescent dots usually visible in dorsal fin (Ref. 2, 52307). Sometimes a group of shining white spots on posterior rays of dorsal and anal fin (Ref. 2, 54096). Caudal fin usually with a grey reticulum (Ref. 2, 54096) on proximal 2/3 with pale or iridescent interstices (Ref. 2). Courting males appear bright blue-green to bronze, with dorsal areas usually darkest and most intense in color; throat exhibits same coloration as body (Ref. 52307), dark grey (Ref. 54048), dark green or black (Ref. 2, 12524, 13337, 54048). Breeding male may have a red flush on the operculum and on the flanks in the vicinity of the pectoral fin (Ref. 54096); the dark opercular spot may have a metalic gold patch above and below it; the breeding female may also develop iridescence, bronzy on the flanks and bluish on the fins (Ref. 54096). Eyes yellowish; golden specimen known (Ref. 54048). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Morphology-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:45:19 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Dorsal spines (total): 16 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 10 - 12; Vertebrae: 29 - 30 Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Distribution-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2016-10-07 17:30:27 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Africa: Middle Zambezi and its tributaries, including Luangwa River (except probably the upper reaches of its tributaries Lunsemfwa and Mulungwishi above the escarpment), Hunyani River and Lake Kariba (Ref. 5166). Introduced to Kipopo and the Lufira River (upper Congo River basin) in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 1978). Trewavas, E. and G.G. Teugels 1991 Oreochromis. p. 307-346. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5166) FB-Uses-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:50:35 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes Balon, E.K. 1974 Fishes of Lake Kariba, Africa. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. (Ref. 3126) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) FB-LifeCycle-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Crispina B. Binohlan 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:50:35 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=1415&StockCode=1465 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology Nest a saucer-shaped depression with a raised mound in the middle (Ref. 12524, 13337), made by the male in a breeding arena in shallow water down to about 4m (Ref. 54048). Females are lured to these through male courtship displays; female collects eggs in mouth after spawning and fertilisation, and moves off; mouthbrooding females may shoal together and do not feed at this time; eggs hatch after about ten days but remain in the mouth for a further few days; juveniles make short feeding sorties once the storage yolk is used up, but seldom stray far and dart into her mouth when danger threatens; after about another 10 days young are released in warm shallow water in the margins (nursery areas), where they feed independently in small shoals (Ref. 54048). Young released from mouthbrooding female are about 1cm long (Ref. 2). Female returns to the breeding arena where she spawns again (Ref. 54048). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-TrophicStrategy-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-19 00:00:00 2006-08-08 20:12:31 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public mortimeri http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Prefers quieter water but is at home in most aquatic environments (Ref. 12524, 13337). Mainly found along shorelines and in protected bays amongst weed beds and dead trees, or in river estuaries (Ref. 54048). Feeds on plants, insects and invertebrates (Ref. 2). Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Size-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:50:35 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 48.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5309)); max. published weight: 4,100 g (Ref. 13337); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 2) Kolding, J., E.M. Tirasin and L. Karenge 1992 Growth, mortality, maturity and length-weight parameters of fishes in Lake Kariba, Africa. Naga, ICLARM Q. 15(4):39-41. (Ref. 5309) Bell-Cross, G. and J.L. Minshull 1988 The fishes of Zimbabwe. National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. 294 p. (Ref. 13337) Trewavas, E. 1983 Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Diseases-1415-310 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-19 00:00:00 2005-07-19 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1415&StockCode=1465 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats Acanthogyrus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Diseases-1415-1566 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Allan Palacio 2005-07-12 00:00:00 2005-07-12 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=1415&StockCode=1465 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat Eye Infection (Diplostomum sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Paperna, I. 1996 Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa. An update. CIFA Tech. Pap. No. 31. 220 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 45600) FB-Habitat-1415 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Susan M. Luna 1990-10-17 00:00:00 2017-12-13 21:50:35 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1415 benthopelagic; freshwater