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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-14289</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14289</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Galaxiiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Galaxiidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Paragalaxias</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Paragalaxias julianus McDowall &amp; Fulton, 1978</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ar'>تونة أجنحة زرقاء للمحيط الهادئ</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='da'>Indo-pacifisk tun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Nordpazifischer Blauflossen-Thunfisch</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bluefin tuna</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Oriental bluefin-tuna</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Pacific bluefin tuna</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Idatuun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Thon bleu du Pacifique</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Thon rouge</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ahi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>Choora</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ml'>ചൂര</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='uk'>Тунець синій</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Atún</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Atún aleta azul del Pacífico</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Atún cimarrón</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='es'>Atún común (cimarrón)</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tihomorski tun</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tulingan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Turingan</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>东方蓝鳍鲔</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>太平洋黑鲔</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>東方藍鰭鮪</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>金枪鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>金槍魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑暗串一</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>黑瓮串</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Orcynus schlegelii Steindachner, 1884</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Thunnus saliens Jordan &amp; Evermann, 1926</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Thunnus schlegelii (Steindachner, 1884)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='misapplied name'>Thunnus thynnus (non Linnaeus, 1758)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Thunnus thynnus orientalis (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1844)</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Thynnus orientalis Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1844</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-07-27</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-08-27</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-07-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Epipelagic, usually oceanic, but seasonally coming close to shore (Ref. 168).  Tolerates  ample temperature intervals (Ref. 168).  Forms schools by size, sometimes with other scombrids (Ref. 168).  Migrates between June and September in a northward direction along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and California (Ref. 168).  A voracious predator that feeds on a wide variety of small schooling fishes and squids, also on crabs crabs and to a lesser degree on sessile organisms (Ref. 168).  Marketed fresh and frozen.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9340&amp;speccode=14290'>Collette, B.B. 1995 Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-DiagnosticDescr-14290</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Crispina B. Binohlan</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-03-17 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Mean number of gill rakers 35.9.  First ventrally directed parapophysis on vertebra number 8.  Dorsal wall of body cavity has a narrow bulge with lateral concavity and wide lateral trough.  Caudal keels dark.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=10997&amp;speccode=14290'>Collette, B.B. and B.R. Smith 1981 Bluefin tuna, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus thynnus orientalis&lt;/i&gt; from the Gulf of Papua. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 28(2):166-168. (Ref. 10997)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14290</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>North Pacific:  Gulf of Alaska to southern California and Baja California and from Sakhalin Island in the southern Sea of Okhotsk south to northern Philippines.  There are four substantiated records of this subspecies in the southern hemisphere: off Western Australia, southeast Pacific (37°11'S, 114°41'W) and Gulf of Papua (Ref. 10997).  The species occurs mainly in the northern Pacific but ventures into New Zealand waters for at least three months during spring and early summer (Ref. 83312).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=168&amp;speccode=14290'>Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-07-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9340&amp;speccode=14290'>Collette, B.B. 1995 Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)</reference>
	<reference isbn='0-660-10459-8' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6885&amp;speccode=14290'>Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p. (Ref. 6885)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-14290</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Cristina V. Garilao</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-07-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14290</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51243&amp;speccode=14290'>Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&amp;D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. (Ref. 51243)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-14290</dc:identifier>
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	<dcterms:created>1995-07-27 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14290</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#TrophicStrategy</subject>
	<dc:description>300 cm FL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9340)); max. published weight: 450.0 kg (Ref. 47525); max. reported age: 15 years (Ref. 83312)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=9340&amp;speccode=14290'>Collette, B.B. 1995 Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47525'>Bayliff, W.H. 2001 Organization, functions, and achievements of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. Special Report 13 (page 14).</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=83312&amp;speccode=14290'>Anonymous 2009 Report from the mid-year fisheries assessment plenary, November 2009: stock assessments and yield estimates. Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand, 209 p. (Ref. 83312)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Threats-2</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Diseases-14290-1067</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Allan Palacio</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2004-01-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Anapleururus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Anisakis Disease (juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Aponurus lagunculus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Benedenia Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Bolbosoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Bucephalopsis Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=47455&amp;speccode=14290'>Munday, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, &lt;i&gt;Thunnus&lt;/i&gt; spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. (Ref. 47455)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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