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<taxon>
	<dc:identifier>FB-14503</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14503</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Beloniformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Belonidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Tylosurus</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Tylosurus punctulatus (Günther, 1872)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Gavmahi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fa'>Gel-ye Mahi Qffazye</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='bg'>Dalache</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='de'>Kaukasus-Grundel</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Caucasian dwarf goby</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Caucasian goby</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Kaukaasia nääpsmudil</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fi'>Asovantokko</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='fr'>Gobie du Caucase</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='hr'>Glavočić kavkaski</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='it'>Ghiozzetto dobrugio-caspico</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>Bychok-bubyr</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='ru'>бычок-бубырь</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Kaya balığı</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Kayabalığı</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tr'>Küçükkaya baligi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Guvid mic</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Pontogovios</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Ποντογωβιός</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>高加索奈波鰕虎魚</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>高加索奈波鰕虎鱼</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Bubyr caucasicus kosswigii Sözer, 1941</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Gobius caucasicus Kavraisky, 1899</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='ambiguous synonym'>Gobius lencoranicus Kessler, 1877</synonym>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Pomatoschistus caucasicus Berg, 1916</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2004-10-07</dcterms:modified>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118717&amp;speccode=14505'>Tsuboi, M., W. van der Bijl, B.T. Kopperud, J. Erritzoe, K.L. Voje, A. Kotrschal, K.E. Yopak, S.P. Collin, A.N. Iwaniuk and N. Kolm0 Breakdown of brain-body allometry and the encephalization of birds and mammals. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2:1495-1500. (Ref. 118717)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126411&amp;speccode=14505'>Didenko, A., I Buzevych, Volikov, Y., S. Kruzhylina and A. Gurbyk0 Population dynamics and feeding ecology of the invasive Caucasian dwarf goby, &lt;i&gt;Knipowitschia caucasica&lt;/i&gt;, in a freshwater habitat in Ukraine. Knowledge &amp; Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 421(26):1-12. (Ref. 126411)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=130435&amp;speccode=14505'>IUCN0 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1964 - onwards. https://www.iucnredlist.org/ (Ref. 130435)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=137577&amp;speccode=14505'>Price, S.A., S.T. Friedman, K.A. Corn, O. Larouche, K. Brockelsby, A.J. Lee, M. Nagaraj, N.G. Bertrand, M. Danao, M.C. Coyne, J.R. Estrada, R. Friedman, E. Hoeft, M. Iwan, D. Gross, J.H. Kao, B. Landry, M.J. Linares, C. McGlinn and …0 FishShapes v1: Functionally relevant measurements of teleost shape and size on three dimensions. Ecology 103(e3829):1-2. (Ref. 137577)</reference><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<dc:title>Biology</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>Inhabit fresh to hyper-saline waters (to 55 ppt) of lakes, estuaries and lagoons, in shallow areas with much weed.  Feed on small crustaceans and chironomid larvae (Ref.12215); larvae of the mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Ref. 59043).  Lives less than 2 years. Spawns after first winter. Eggs are attached to the roof of a cavity under stones, plant material or shells and are defended by male. Postlarvae are pelagic. (Ref.59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4696&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1986 Gobiidae. p. 1019-1085. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4696)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-11-19 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1996-11-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14505</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Anterior oculoscapular, preopercular, and sometimes posterior oculoscapular, canals present; body squamation complete on caudal peduncle and along at least lateral midline to axil.  Males with 4-5 major vertical bars.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12215&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1990 The endurance of endemism: the Mediterranean freshwater gobies and their prospects for survival. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):145-156. (Ref. 12215)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='http://www.fishbase.de/rfroese' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Rainer Froese</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1996-11-19 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>1996-11-19 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14505</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7 - 8;  Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 7 - 9; Vertebrae: 31 - 32</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12215&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1990 The endurance of endemism: the Mediterranean freshwater gobies and their prospects for survival. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):145-156. (Ref. 12215)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2025-11-05 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14505</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription</subject>
	<dc:description>Eurasia:  along the coasts of Black, Azov, Caspian and Aegean seas west to Aliakmon drainage (Greece).  Identity of the population along the eastern shore of Adriatic is questionable.  Introduced in the Aral Sea and is now extirpated.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='978-2-8399-0298-4' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=59043&amp;speccode=14505'>Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof 2007 Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Migration-14505</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology</subject>
	<dc:description>Amphidromous. Refers to fishes that regularly migrate between freshwater and the sea (in both directions), but not for the purpose of breeding, as in anadromous and catadromous species. Sub-division of diadromous.  Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.Characteristic elements in amphidromy are: reproduction in fresh water, passage to sea by newly hatched larvae, a period of feeding and growing at sea usually a few months long, return to fresh water of well-grown juveniles, a further period of feeding and growing in fresh water, followed by reproduction there (Ref. 82692).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46888&amp;speccode=14505'>McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Armi G. Torres</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=14505&amp;StockCode=14274</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution</subject>
	<dc:description>Spawns up to 4 portions of eggs (Ref. 59043).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=205'>Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-TrophicStrategy-14505</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Drina Sta. Iglesia</agent>
	<dcterms:created>2001-01-16 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2008-04-17 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<dc:source>caucasica</dc:source>
	<dc:description>Inhabits fresh to hypersaline waters (to 55 ppt) of lakes, estuaries and lagoons, in shallow areas with much weed. Feeds on small crustaceans and chironomid larvae.</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4696&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1986 Gobiidae. p. 1019-1085. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4696)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Size-14505</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
	<dc:language></dc:language>
	<license>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</license>
	<dc:rights></dc:rights>
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	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14505</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Size</subject>
	<dc:description>5.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 4696)); max. reported age: 2 years (Ref. 126411)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=4696&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1986 Gobiidae. p. 1019-1085. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4696)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=126411&amp;speccode=14505'>Didenko, A., I Buzevych, Volikov, Y., S. Kruzhylina and A. Gurbyk 2020 Population dynamics and feeding ecology of the invasive Caucasian dwarf goby, &lt;i&gt;Knipowitschia caucasica&lt;/i&gt;, in a freshwater habitat in Ukraine. Knowledge &amp; Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 421(26):1-12. (Ref. 126411)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Belen Acosta</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-18 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-03-07 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Threats</subject>
	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
	<dc:identifier>FB-Habitat-14505</dc:identifier>
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	<agent homepage='' logoURL='' role='recorder'>Christine Marie V. Casal</agent>
	<dcterms:created>1995-08-09 00:00:00</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-05-23 00:00:00</dcterms:modified>
	<dc:title>Environment</dc:title>
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	<dcterms:rightsHolder>WorldFish Center - FishBase</dcterms:rightsHolder>
	<dcterms:bibliographicCitation></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
	<audience>General public</audience>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=14505</dc:source>
	<subject>http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Habitat</subject>
	<dc:description>demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 46888); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 2 m (Ref. 12215)</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=46888&amp;speccode=14505'>McDowall, R.M. 1997 The evolution of diadromy in fishes (revisited) and its place in phylogenetic analysis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 7(4):443-462. (Ref. 46888)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12215&amp;speccode=14505'>Miller, P.J. 1990 The endurance of endemism: the Mediterranean freshwater gobies and their prospects for survival. J. Fish Biol. 37(Suppl.A):145-156. (Ref. 12215)</reference></dataObject>
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