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	<dc:identifier>FB-1519</dc:identifier>
	<dc:source>http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1519</dc:source>
	<dwc:Kingdom>Animalia</dwc:Kingdom>
	<dwc:Phylum>Chordata</dwc:Phylum>
	<dwc:Class>Teleostei</dwc:Class>
	<dwc:Order>Clupeiformes</dwc:Order>
	<dwc:Family>Dorosomatidae</dwc:Family>
	<dwc:Genus>Sardinella</dwc:Genus>
	<dwc:ScientificName>Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker, 1854)</dwc:ScientificName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tabagak</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Tamban</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='cs'>Sardinka filipínská</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Bombon sardine</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Freshwater herring</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='en'>Freshwater sardinella</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Järveheeringake</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='et'>Järvesardinell</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Lao-lao</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Manansing laot</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Tamban</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Tawilis</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang='tl'>Tunsoy</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Hawo hawo</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>Mangsi</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>菲律宾小沙丁鱼</commonName>
	<commonName xml:lang=''>菲律賓小沙丁魚</commonName>
	<synonym relationship='synonym'>Harengula tawilis Herre, 1927</synonym>
	<dcterms:created>1990-10-17</dcterms:created>
	<dcterms:modified>2024-01-22</dcterms:modified>
	<reference isbn='92-5-103623-3.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&amp;speccode=1518'>Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter0 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P.0 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=280&amp;speccode=1518'>Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Check list of Philippine fishes. Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. (20):1-977. (Ref. 280)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2857&amp;speccode=1518'>Herre, A.W.C.T. and A.F. Umali0 English and local common names of Philippine fishes. U. S. Dept. of Interior and Fish and Wildl. Serv. Circular No. 14, U. S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington. 128 p. (Ref. 2857)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=2930&amp;speccode=1518'>Herre, A.W.C.T.0 Four new fishes from Lake Taal (Bombon). Philipp. J. Sci. 34(3):273-279. (Ref. 2930)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5517&amp;speccode=1518'>Herre, A.W.C.T.0 The fisheries of Lake Taal (Bombon), Luzon, and Lake Naujan, Mondoro. Philipp. J. Sci. 34(3):287-306. (Ref. 5517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5519&amp;speccode=1518'>Villadolid, D.V.0 The fisheries of Lake Taal, Pansipit River, and Balayan Bay, Batangas Province, Luzon. Philipp. J. Sci. 63(2):191-229. (Ref. 5519)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5520&amp;speccode=1518'>Castillo, B.B., A.S. Castillo and C.L. Gonzales0 Tawilis fishery resources investigation of Taal Lake. p. 75-98. In Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Fisheries Forum. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. (Ref. 5520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5522&amp;speccode=1518'>Hargrove, T.R.0 The mysteries of Taal: a Philippine volcano and lake, her sea life and lost towns. Bookmark Publishing, Manila. 204 p. (Ref. 5522)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=6308&amp;speccode=1518'>Anonymous0 World's only freshwater sardines dying. Philippine Times Journal, 2 September 1993:15. (Ref. 6308)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12165&amp;speccode=1518'>Bleher, H.0 Bombon. Aqua geographia 12(4):6-34. (Ref. 12165)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=12550&amp;speccode=1518'>Bureau of Agricultural Statistics0 1991 Fishery Statistics. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Quezon City, Philippines. 82 p. (Ref. 12550)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=13446&amp;speccode=1518'>Mercene, E.C.0 Freshwater fishes of the Philippines. p. 81-105. In R.Guerrero III, A. Calpe, and L. Darvin (eds.). Aquatic Biology Research and Development in the Philippines (Proceedings of the First Nat'l Symposium-Workshop on Aquatic Biology R&amp;D, Nov. 28-29, 1995, Los Baños, Laguna). PCAMRD Bk. Ser. 20. (Ref. 13446)</reference>
	<reference isbn='971-8722-02-5.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31411&amp;speccode=1518'>Ganaden, S.R. and F. Lavapie-Gonzales0 Common and local names of marine fishes of the Philippines. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippines. 385 p. (Ref. 31411)</reference>
	<reference isbn='957-8596-59-6' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31517&amp;speccode=1518'>Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao and C.F. Lai (eds.)0 Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan. 1028 p. (Ref. 31517)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=31982&amp;speccode=1518'>Anonymous0 Fish collection database of the Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). Natural History Museum, London (formerly British Museum of Natural History (BMNH)). (Ref. 31982)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=36648&amp;speccode=1518'>Randall, J.E. and K.K.P. Lim (eds.)0 A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. Raffles Bull. Zool. Suppl. (8):569-667. (Ref. 36648)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=43309&amp;speccode=1518'>Anonymous0 Fish collection of the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Museum. UPV Museum. (Ref. 43309)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=51054&amp;speccode=1518'>Hanel, L. and J. Novák0 České názvy zivočichů V. Ryby a rybovití obratlovci (Pisces) II., nozdratí (Sarcopterygii), paprskoploutví (Actinopterygii) [chrupavčití (Chondrostei), kostnatí (Neopterygii): kostlíni (Semionotiformes) - bezostní (Clupeiformes)]. Národní muzeum (zoologické odděleí), Praha. (Ref. 51054)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58108&amp;speccode=1518'>Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences0 Chinese aquatic germplasm resources database. http://zzzy.fishinfo.cn (Ref. 58108)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=58652&amp;speccode=1518'>Broad, G.0 Fishes of the Philippines. Anvil Publishing, Inc., pasi City. 510 pp. (Ref. 58652)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80679&amp;speccode=1518'>BFAR0 Rapid Resource Appraisal of Taal Lake. Fisheries Component. First Report. UPLB Foundation Inc. and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. (Ref. 80679)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80723&amp;speccode=1518'>Mutia, M.T.M, M.D.L. Magistrado and M.C. Muyot0 Status of &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;/i&gt; in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines. Tech. Rep., NFRDI National Fisheries Biological Center, Butong, Taal, Batangas. 14 p. (Ref. 80723)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80728&amp;speccode=1518'>Aypa, S.M., A.M. Galicia Jr. and E.S. Lapasaran0 A contribution to the biology of &lt;i&gt;Herengula tawilis&lt;/i&gt; in Taal Lake, Batangas. BFAR, Project completion report to the Department of Agriculture, Philippines. 12 p. (Ref. 80728)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=80729&amp;speccode=1518'>Papa, R.D.S., R.C. Pagulayan and E.E.J. Pagulayan0 Zooplanktivory in the endemic freshwater sardine, &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;/i&gt; (Herre 1927) of Taal Lake, the Philippines. Zool. Stud. 47(5):535-543. (Ref. 80729)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=81494&amp;speccode=1518'>Mutia, M.T.M., M.D.L. Magistrado and M.C. Muyot0 Status of &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;i&gt; in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines. Proceedings of the 8th Zonal Research and Development Review, October 6-7, 2004, De la Salle University, Taft Avenue, Manila. CD-ROM. Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine R&amp;D and Southern Luzon Zonal Center for Aquatic and Marine R &amp; D: Los Baños, Laguna. (Ref. 81494)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=85815&amp;speccode=1518'>Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.)0 Catalog of fishes. Updated internet version of 25 October 2010. Catalog databases of CAS cited in FishBase (website). (Ref. 85815)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=94476&amp;speccode=1518'>Kottelat, M.0 The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 2013 (Suppl. 27):1-663. (Ref. 94476)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105471&amp;speccode=1518'>eElurikkus0 eElurikkus koondab ühte portaali Eesti eluslooduse andmed. http://elurikkus.ut.ee/ (Ref. 105471)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=105574&amp;speccode=1518'>Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi0 Termeki on Eesti Keele Instituudi. http://term.eki.ee/termbase/view/7351963/ (Ref. 105574)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=118625&amp;speccode=1518'>Mutia, M.T.M., M.P. Gardon, C.M. Faminialagao and M.C. Muyot0 Stock assessment of Taal Lake. National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Year-End Review and Evaluation. November 8-10, 2017. (Ref. 118625)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129528&amp;speccode=1518'>Pardo, K.C.E., V.S. Ticzon and M.V.C. Camacho0 Determining sexual development and size at sexual maturity of &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;/i&gt; and its implications on management. The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 30(1):18-32. (Ref. 129528)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129729&amp;speccode=1518'>Mutia, M.T.M., M.C. Muyot, F. Torres Jr and C.M. Faminialagao0 Status of Taal Lake fishery resources with emphasis on the endemic freshwater sardine, &lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;/i&gt; (Herre, 1927). The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 24(1):128-135. (Ref. 129729)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=129755&amp;speccode=1518'>Alba, E.B., M.C. Rubia and M.A. Perez0 Mesh size selectivity of surface and mid-water gillnet for catching freshwater sardines "&lt;i&gt;Sardinella tawilis&lt;/i&gt;" (Herre, 1927) in Taal Lake, Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25(2):27-40. (Ref. 129755)</reference><dataObject>
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	<location>Locality: Taal Lake, Talisay, Batangas, Philippines.</location></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Inhabits lakes.  This is the only species of Sardinella that is apparently found only, or even mainly, in freshwater.  Presumably schooling.  Also caught using ring nets (Ref. 5520).  Mainly caught by gill net, beach seine, ring net and motorized push net (Refs.81494, 80728, 5520). Eaten fresh or dried (Ref. 5517).  Is threatened by overfishing (Ref. 6308).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Total scutes 28 to 30.  gill rakers slender, long and numerous (Ref. 5520).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 18;  Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 18 - 21; Vertebrae: 39 - 42</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Asia:  endemic to Lake Taal (formerly Lake Bombon), Luzon, Philippines.  This freshwater lake, linked to the sea via the Pansipit River, was part of Balayan Bay, South China Sea, and was formed by a series of volcanic eruptions in the 18th century (Ref. 5522).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Importance</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>fisheries: subsistence fisheries</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='92-5-103623-3.' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=171&amp;speccode=1518'>Coppola, S.R., W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, N. Scialabba and K.E. Carpenter 1994 SPECIESDAB: Global species database for fishery purposes. User's manual. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries). No. 9. Rome, FAO. 103 p. (Ref. 171)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:source>tawilis</dc:source>
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	<dc:description>First recorded as a piscivore (Refs. 58652, 80729), but recent studies show a diet of zooplanktons and ostracods (Ref. 80729).  Attracted to strong light (Ref. 5520, 81494).</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=188&amp;speccode=1518'>Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:title>Max. size</dc:title>
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	<dc:description>12.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 5520)); 15.2 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 27.3 g</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5520&amp;speccode=1518'>Castillo, B.B., A.S. Castillo and C.L. Gonzales 1975 Tawilis fishery resources investigation of Taal Lake. p. 75-98. In Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Fisheries Forum. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. (Ref. 5520)</reference>
	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=5520&amp;speccode=1518'>Castillo, B.B., A.S. Castillo and C.L. Gonzales 1975 Tawilis fishery resources investigation of Taal Lake. p. 75-98. In Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research Fisheries Forum. Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. (Ref. 5520)</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<dc:description>Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group</dc:description>
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	<reference isbn='' url='http://www.fishbase.org/references/FBRefSummary.php?id=57073'>IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.</reference></dataObject><dataObject>
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	<audience>General public</audience>
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	<dc:description>pelagic; non-migratory; freshwater</dc:description>
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