FB-15479 http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15479 Animalia Chordata Teleostei Eupercaria/misc Sciaenidae Sonorolux Sonorolux fluminis Trewavas, 1977 Pow-e-chahargoosh Uge cauda-espinhosa Skerpneuse-pylstert Lukhma Banded whiptail ray Bluntnose whip ray Bluntnose whiptail ray Sharpnose stingray Whipray Whitespotted whipray Gerrardi nuutrai Pagi Pari batu Otome ei Otome-ei Pari Pari batik Pari beting Pari bintik putih Pari bunga Pari rimau Pari tanjung Shafan Krabane paag-maenam Bandzweepstaartpijlstaartrog Pari bintang Pari super 杰氏窄尾魟 齊氏土魟 齊氏魟 齐氏土魟 齐氏魟 Dasyatis gerrardi (Gray, 1851) Dasyatis jenkinsii (non Annandale, 1909) Himantura gerrardi (Gray, 1851) Himantura gerrardii (Gray, 1851) Trygon gerrardi Gray, 1851 Trygon liocephalus Klunzinger, 1871 1995-10-23 2021-10-07 Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen0 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino0 The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559) Compagno, L.J.V.0 Dasyatidae. p. 135-142. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3263) Hureau, J.-C.0 La base de données GICIM: Gestion informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du Muséum. p. 225-227. In Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche, Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. (Ref. 4517) Shen, S.C. (ed.)0 Fishes of Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p. (Ref. 5193) Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga0 Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique. 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Chisholm0 Three <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> species (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) reported from captive rays, including <i>D. lotteri</i> sp. n. from<i>Himantura gerrardi</i> (Elasmobranchii: Dasyatidae) in the public aquarium at the Atlantis resort, Dubai. Folia Parasitologica 56(2):99-106. (Ref. 124051) Vaughan, D., L. Chisholm and K. Christison0 Overview of South African <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria. Zootaxa 1826:26-44. (Ref. 124058) Kasim, H. and B.J. Muuse0 Compilation of names for demersal and pelagic fishes of Somalia. Personal communication [Accessed 11/08/2022]. (Ref. 127014) Beolens, B., M. Grayson and M. Watkins0 Eponym dictionary of Fishes. Dunbeath, Caithness (Scotland, UK): Whittles Publishing Limited, 1300 p. (Ref. 128868) Shabani, M., A.L. Malisa and A. Nehemia0 Population genetic status of endangered whitespotted whipray <i>Maculabatis gerrardi</i> (Gray, 1851) in Tanzania. WIO J. Mar. Sci. 23(1):105-114. (Ref. 131619) Ferragut-Perello, F., S. Ramirez-Amaro, A.C. Tsikliras, N. Petit-Marty, D. Dimarchopoulou0 Exploitation and conservation status of the thornback ray (<i>Raja clavata</i>) in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean). Fishes 8(2):117. (Ref. 132125) FB-pic-15483-8574 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-10-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 (22.5cm disc length) http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Higer_u0.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Higer_u0.jpg FB-pic-15483-8575 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2000-10-13 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Higer_u1.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Higer_u1.jpg FB-pic-15483-8576 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2010-09-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Higer_u2.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Higer_u2.jpg FB-pic-15483-8577 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/jpeg John E. Randall 1996-02-15 2010-09-16 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Higer_u3.jpg http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Higer_u3.jpg FB-pic-15483-16269 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage image/gif FAO 1997-12-22 2000-09-20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. Image can be freely copied and altered but may be used only for non-commercial purposes. Original author and source must be properly acknowledged John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://www.fishbase.us/images/species/Higer_u0.gif http://www.fishbase.us/images/thumbnails/gif/tn_Higer_u0.gif FB-GeneralDescr-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2022-06-17 00:00:00 Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 Likely confined to the inner continental shelf (Ref. 9840), over sandy and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Recorded from coastal waters and river mouths (Ref. 45255). Feeds on bottom crustaceans including shrimp, crabs and small lobsters (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Important food fish, the skin and flesh are dried or used to produce leather for purses and bags (Ref. 9840). Caught in very large quantities in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and trammel net fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref. 58048). It is parasitised on the dorsal skin surface by the monogeneans Dendromonocotyle citrosa, D. colorni, D. ukuthena (Ref. 124058) and D. lotteri (Ref. 124051). Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Distribution-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2019-02-04 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 Indo-West Pacific: Oman to Indonesia; north to Taiwan. Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor 2016 Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953) FB-Uses-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2022-06-17 00:00:00 Importance http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578) Vaughan, D., L. Chisholm and K. Christison 2008 Overview of South African <i>Dendromonocotyle</i> (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), with descriptions of 2 new species from stingrays (Dasyatidae) kept in public aquaria. Zootaxa 1826:26-44. (Ref. 124058) FB-LifeCycle-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2022-06-17 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ John E. Randall General public http://www.fishbase.org//Reproduction/FishReproSummary.php?ID=15483&StockCode=14733 Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears 2 young in summer (Ref. 5578). Gives birth to litters of 1-4 pups; born at 18-21 cm WD (Ref.58048). Breder, C.M. and D.E. Rosen 1966 Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 941 p. (Ref. 205) FB-TrophicStrategy-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Drina Sta. Iglesia 2001-01-17 00:00:00 2007-08-06 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public gerrardi http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#DiagnosticDescription Likely confined to the inner continental shelf (Ref. 9840), over sandy and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Feeds on bottom crustaceans including shrimp, crabs and small lobsters. Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) FB-Size-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2022-06-17 00:00:00 Max. size http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Morphology 200 cm TL (male/unsexed; (Ref. 9840)) Last, P.R. and L.J.V. Compagno 1999 Dasyatididae. Stingrays. p. 1479-1505. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9840) FB-Threats-2 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Belen Acosta 1990-10-18 00:00:00 2024-03-07 00:00:00 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=2 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Distribution Least Concern (LC) , IUCN Grouper and Wrasse Specialist Group IUCN 2006 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006. FB-Habitat-15483 http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text text/html Cristina V. Garilao 1995-10-24 00:00:00 2022-06-17 00:00:00 Environment http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ WorldFish Center - FishBase General public http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=15483 http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#Uses demersal; brackish; marine; depth range ? - 50 m (Ref. 5578) Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert and M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. (Ref. 5578)